Your Questions

Q: Dr. Eppley, I have a scar in the middle of my eyebrows that has bad indents from stitches that look like a train track. Can scar revision fix these indents?

A: When referring to indents, it appears you are talking about the stitch marks which are often called ‘train tracks’ or ‘train-tracking’. These are the result of using sutures that are too big for the face, leaving sutures in too long, or a combination of both. What they are is the healed indentations from where the sutures went into the skin and the skin healed around them. While all sutures have the potential to develop these dots or indentations, large sutures leave little round white holes and sutures that have been left in way too long can have these hole which are indented.

These train track scar marks can be difficult to remove since they lie outide of the existing scar, making wide scar revision often not possible. This leaves the option of removing the track marks iindividually through small punch excisions. This may make it possible to improve the indented nature of theae marks but there will always be a small white scar from the original or new hole. I wowuld have to see a picture of how bad these marks to determine of there is any worthwhile treatment option.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q:I have a light brown birthmark on my left hand. It is the shape of a thumb print. I am very self concious about this, and I would like it removed. Is this possible? If so, could I please receive information about the consultation & cost.

A: Thank you for your inquiry. Whether the brown mark on your hand can be removed is a function of whether it is an acquired skin discoloration or whether it is a congenital or birthmark skin lesion. That difference is significant as it indicates at what the level the excessive brown pigment exists in the skin. An acquired brown lesion develops because of chronic sun exposure and the excessive pigment is in the superficial layer of the skin. (epithelium and upper dermis) That can be treated quite successfully by pulsed light therapy such as BBL (broad band light) or IPL. (intense pulsed light) Brown birthmarks, however, usually have pigment that goes all the way through the thickness of the skin and involves the deeper dermis. These do not respond to any type of light or laser treatments because the discoloration is too deep to reach without burning the skin. In some cases, removal by excision can be done by that leaves the trade-off of a scar which is often not a better cosmetic result.

I would need to see a picture of your hand ‘birthmark’ before I could comment on whether any removal treatment is possible.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q:  Hello, my name is Mary. I am currently a 36DD and hate them. I have back pain and my ribs hurt. I have trouble finding comfortable bras, and I would much rather be a large B cup or small C cup. I had a baby 6 months ago and wanted to know how soon I could have a breast reduction. Thanks.

A: It is clear from your writing that a breast reduction would be beneficial. The timing of any breast reshaping surgery after pregnancy depends on several factors. First consideration is that one has to have stopped breastfeeding. Second and most importantly, one’s breast size and shape should be stable. The breasts should have maximally involuted (shrunk) and sagged from the effects of pregnancy. This makes the breast tissue removal (reduction) and the accompanying lift to be best done without having the uncontrolled effects of these ongoing breast changes. Lastly and ideally, one should be certain that they are done with having children as this will have a negative effect on the long-term breast size and shape.

Breast reduction provides a consistent  improvement in the back, shoulder, and neck pain that frequently accompanies large breasts. Its improvement is a function of the weight reduction but can also be attributed to the repositioning of the breast tissue back and higher on the chest wall.  

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: My 5 year old daughter fell on a metal fireplace about 3 months ago and has been left with an oblong dimple across her right cheek that turns in significantly when she smiles.  We have seen a plastic surgeon who thinks we are best to do nothing for say ten years.  I am assuming this is because as she grows her face will change and also by the time she is 15 she will be able to make her own mind up about surgery.  What would be your opnion on operating on young children and are there benefits to waiting?

A: Given that injury is only a few months old and she is five years of age, there is still a chance that time and healing will make the cheek dimple better or it may go away completely. That is still to be determined and you will know how permanent the dimple is by one year after the injury. If there has been no change or significant improvement by then, then one can consider corrective plastic surgery. My philosophy on the timing of ‘cosmetic’ plastic surgery procedures in children is that it is a parental decision until the child is a teenager. Once puberty hits, it then becomes a patient-driven decision. Either way the treatment would be concentrated fat injections into the depressed cheek area. The only advantage to waiting is in the first year after the injury to see how much improvement is obtained naturally so surgery might be avoided.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q:  I am interested in getting my nose fixed and have my upper lip shortened at the same time. I have been some research on lip lifts and it seems wonderful and the results are exactly what I want. But you have written that a rhinoplasty can not be done at the same time. That bothers me because I did not want to recover twice. But I have been doing some searching and som,e doctors do both at the same time but some don’t. Is there a possible reason/ I really want to have my surgery with you because you have the best before and after pictures I’ve ever seen for noses that are similar to mine.

A: The reason that I don’t combine an open rhinoplasty and a subnasal lip lift is because of the potential risk of skin necrosis. When done together, there will remain a small area of columellar skin between the two incisions, that of the open rhinoplasty and about 6 to 8mms below that of the subnasal lip lift. The survival of that skin depends on having an adequate blood supply coming into it. Part, and may be most, of the blood supply to that skin is cut off by making those two incisions at the same time. While it is likely that it would be fine with some blood supply coming from the septal mucosa, there is some risk that it might not be and that skin would then die. That would be a cosmetic disaster and my concern is more then theroetical…I have taken care of a patient who had that exactly happen when those two procedures were done together by another surgeon. Given that the lip lift can be done as a simple office procedure later under local anesthesia with very little recovery, I don’t think the risk is worth it for an elective cosmetic operation.

If one was doing a closed rhinoplasty, in which a columellar incision is not used, then a subnasal lip lift could be done at the same time. It is likely that is the type of rhinoplasty the doctors who say they do it at the same time are performing.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q:  Dear Dr. Eppley, I am having a bilateral sagittal split mandibular osteotomy with upward rotation as well as a sliding genioplasty done by a maxillofacial surgeon in a few months. I still want to get jaw implants. Is it still possible to get jaw implants even after all these surgeries I am getting? Wouldn’t all the screws and metal plates they are putting into me cancel out the ability to get jaw implants? Thank you.

A: The simple answer is no. Most of the titanium plates and screws that are used in orthognathic surgery ends up inside the bone. The outer screwheads and plate profiles are very thin, generally only sitting up 1 to 2 mms above the bone. Furthermore the location of the metal fixation devices lies in front of where jaw angle implants are placed or behind where a chin implant would be positioned. While there would be some scar from the prior surgery, it only makes the path of dissection a little more difficult than normal. This in so way precludes the placement of any type of jaw augmentation implant.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q:  Hello! I’m a young girl who has very puffy and big cheeks. From my cheekbones down to my jawline it is very full. I really love my face otherwise, but it’s too much fat there. I am a very thin girl and no one in my family has these big cheeks. Is there any way to reduce the chubbiness of my face? Do you think liposuction would make it thinner? Or is there something else to make my face thinner? I’m willing to do anything for this, because I’m depressed and desperate. Thanks.

A: Chubby cheeks are part of many person’s facial makeup, particularly when they are young. You did not provide your age other than to say you are young. But if you are under the age of 16, your chubby cheeks may become less so as you mature further. If you are over the age of 18 and at a good body weight then the fullness of your cheeks is built into your genetic code so to speak. Some reduction in the fullness of one’s cheeks can be done by buccal lipectomies and small cannula liposuction of selective facial areas. Potential liposuction areas include the perioral mounds (below the cheeks) and lateral facial areas around and in front of the parotid glands. These facial fat reduction methods will not make a chubby face thin but they will help provide some more shape and contours to an otherwise amorphous round face.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q:  Dr. Eppley, I am a 30 year old male and I have a flattened skull at back, which I understand to be plagiocephaly. This has until now been fairly well-covered with hair, but I am beginning to recede at the temples, and so I am becoming increasingly concerned about it, should I go bald. I am therefore interested in exploring possible treatments- I hear you offer a cranioplasty procedure involving injectable kryptonite? I would be very interested in hearing more about this- in terms of how successful/established the procedure is, likely cost and potential risks. Any information you could provide would be really useful. I appreciate it may be difficult to provide a concrete answer without a full consultation, but any general information would be really useful.

A: I would seek out any postings that I have written using Kryptonite cement for skull reshaping which would appear on a Google search. I have written extensively about it and all of your questions would probably be answered there. In summary, it is a developing technique that is far from perfected with the biggest complication being irregularities and the potential need for a smoothing revision. But it is a simple one hour procedure that involves minimal recovery using only a one inch incision. The cost of this cranioplasty procedure is largely driven by the volume of the material that is used. The cost of the material will easily make up more than half of the cost of the surgery.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q:  I am interested in getting a six-pack look to my stomach. I work out all the time and do a lot of abdominal crunches but it is just not appearing. I am a man who is fairly lean and have only 9% body fat at 34 years of age. I have read about a liposuction method called ‘etching’ which can make the six-pack look in one surgery. Can you tell me how it is done and what makes it work? Are there any long-term problems with having it done?

A: The abdominal etching surgery to which you refer is a modified liposuction method for producing abdominal highlights. Using fine liposuction cannulas, fat is removed along predetermined highlight lines in a linear array of a central vertical line and multiple (usually three) horizontal lines. By removing linear lines of fat lines, this causes the stomach skin to selectively indent inward which then appears like the underlying abdominal muscles lines, creating the ‘six-pack’ look. Interestingly, abdominal etching is done in exactly the opposite way that traditional liposuction is done. Rather than trying to remove an even amount of fat over a broad surface area of the abdomen to avoid any irregularities, etching deliberately aims to create indentations through an uneven (but precise) amount of fat removal. Abdominal etching is really best done on someone who already has a near flat abdomen and wishes for a more liposculpture approach rather than a large amount of fat removal. It is not a good idea for someone who has a large protuberant abdomen or is significantly overweight. The only long-term issue is what would happen if you gain abdominal weight. The etch lines may look peculiar on a bigger belly.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q:  Dr. Eppley, does zerona help with belly fat and gynecomastia. Not sure why it wouldn’t help gynecomastia if it’s all adipose tissue.

A: The first thing to realize about fat is that it is not all the same throughout the body. It is both structurally and biochemically different as it actually serves different physiologic roles depending upon its anatomic location. It is present in our bodies for very functional purposes other than being a source of annoying collections of unwanted bulges. It also has some differences between males and females as well. This is illustrated in your question about male gynecomastia and belly fat. Male breast enlargement is composed of fibrofatty tissue. Some of this is fat but it also has a significant component of gritty fibrous tissue. This makes it unresponsive to an external treatment like Zerona. Gynecomastia can only really be effectively treated by liposuction, particularly Smartlipo, or open excision. Belly fat is distributed differently in men than women. Most of belly fat in women is external to the abdominal muscles (subcutaneous) and can be reached by Zerona (up to 5 cms. penetration) or liposuction. Male belly fat has a greater percent hat lies underneath the abdominal muscles (intraperitoneal) and does not respond as well to such fat treatments.

That being said, Zerona is not a good treatment for Gynecomastia and tends to be less effective for some men than women for the reduction of belly fat.  

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q:  I am interested in forehead augmentation to make the slope of my forehead less so and longer. I was hoping to retain my brow ridge prominence somewhat as that is a family trait…and in fact I’d like to keep the forehead looking sloped and straight as opposed to rounded and convex….keep it similar to how it is now, except for perhaps slightly raising the hair-line and moving it out a bit, while making the slope of the forehead greater, but certainly no where near convex.  In other words, just as the brow ridges end moving toward the hair line, all of that forehead area I was hoping to making steeper, but still straight and non convex, and at the very top where the hair line is i was hoping to making higher and more in line with the rest of the forehead.  Is that not possible? I don’t know how these surgeries work… in other words, I don’t know what the limitations are for the shape of the molds and their complexity…but I certainly didn’t want a drastic change in the forehead. How “complex” can the moulds be made that fit into the forehead region?  What is the potential for tweaking certain aspects? 

A: Forehead augmentation is not done by a preformed implant or a mold. It is done by cranioplasty onlay materials. These are mixed together at the time of surgery and applied like plaster of paris. It is then shaped by hand until the desired form is obtained and then allowed to set or cure. The average working time is about 10 minutes for this process. It is a very artistic technique which is why one has to have a very good idea what type of forehead shape the patient wants. You have been quite explicit as to your forehead shape desires which is good. Given the volume of material needed (at least 40 grams), PMMA (acrylic) is best for you because of the cost issue with that volume of material. 

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Would Acell Matrsitem be helpful in forehead reshaping to minimize the scalp scar in the hairline? I have a crooked forehead as a result of the way I slept as a child and I know surgeons are generally reluctant to perform this procedure in maklkes due to the scalp scar in the hairline showing as it recedes.

Also, I was wondering of you have ever heard of or used Resobone (custom fit degradable implants to correct bone defects and what are your thoughts on this technology?

A: I think when it comes to optimizing a scalp scar in any patient, but particularly a male, anything that may help would be useful. In that regard, Acell Matristem may provide some healing advantage and it is certainly easy to apply into the wound during closure. While it is not magical and can not make it heal without any scar, anything benefit it can provide to making the scar as narrow and inconspicuous as possible is a bonus.

Resobone is a mixture of two resorbable materials, poly-lactic acid polymers and tricalcium phosphatre. Its intent is to act as a matrix to encourage bone to heal a defect. For bone reconstruction of bone defects, it is an option although I do not see a big advantage over many of the hydroxyapatite cements that exist today or even a computer-generated custom HTR-PMI implant. It does have one disadvantage and that is it is resorbable, so if bone doesn’t replace it the reconstruction will be gone. It should not be used, however, as an onlay or building up material. Since bone will never grow into and replace that of an onlayed resorbable scaffold no matter what its composition. If your thoughts are to use Resobone as a forehead cranioplasty implant it will eventually resorb away and be left with very little if any augmented result.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q: I was recently burned on my chin and left with pitted scars.  I am interested in ACell to repair and restore the skin.  I believe it can facilitate new skin to grow if the scar tissue is removed.  If you believe this too can you help me.  I am a 34 year old mother of three.

A: The treatment of acute burns versus the chronic scarring that it creates after it has healed is different. During the healing of a partial-thickness burn, the application of Acell particles may well have an accelerated healing effect that may result in less scarring than would otherwise occur with its healing on its own. Once the burn wound has healed and scar is formed, however, there is no role for any form of topical therapy. Removing the old burn scar and then reapplying Acell would be unlikely to create a better scar result in my opinion. This is because you are no longer working with a fresh wound that does not yet have a lot of scar tissue formed. In a healed wound, substantial scar tissue exists and removing the topical layer alone is not sufficient to change the final scar appearance. To have its best effect, Acell would have to be applied close to the time of the original injury to work with the wounded tissues before a lot of scar (unnatural tissue) has already been formed.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: I’m 46 years old. I have a spare tire around my middle. I don’t want to lose weight because I end up losing my breast and butt. What procedure do you recommend?

A: When someone has a ‘spare tire’ around their middle, they could be referring to two basic types of waistline problems. The first would be fat only. They have thickness around the middle and waistline due to a fat collection but there is no loose or overhanging skin. The other problem is one in which there is both too much fat but with excess skin as well. Each requires a different solution. The fat only problem is treated by liposuction of which Smartlipo (laser liposuction) is my current choice. For a fat and skin problem, a tummy tuck or an abdominoplasty is needed. Often liposuction must be added to the tummy tuck to get those muffin tops which wrap around the sides of the waistline into the back.

You are correct in assuming that some surgical intervention is needed if you are not willing to try some weight loss efforts. Such ’spot’ body contouring changes require surgical treatrment.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Hello, I am 22 years old and am currently on my journey to lose at least 80 lbs which would put me at 5’4 and 115 lbs. That being said I realize mine is an ambitious goal and I also know that a lot of skin will be leftover when I get there. So i am interested in abdominoplasty, mini or full depending on what is decided at consultation and also breast implants and butt implants might be of interest too. But we’ll talk about that particular idea when I get where I am going. I have a couple questions:
* how much will a high profile gel, hopefully via armpit run me?
* do you accept payment through www.myfreeimplants.com
* would there be a small discount because i will at least be combining the breast and abdomnial surgeries,
* how much is abdominoplasty,
* and finally, if I added up all three abdominoplasty, breast augmentation and gluteal implants, what about would be my total?

A: I applaud you setting an ambitious but achieveable weight loss goal. Going from near 200 lbs down to 115 lbs would be a good achievement and, as you have predicted, will result in some significant loose extra skin from the arms down to the thighs. While it is impossible to accurately predict what you may need, there are some relative certainties. Your abdominoplasty would not be a mini- but would be a full. A breast lift will likely be needed in addition to getting breast implants. An implant alone will not lift a breast. Butt implants are not a solution for a sagging butt anymore than a breast implant alone solves a sagging breast.

In your search for plastic surgery costs, look for some general pricing from plastic surgeon’s websites for a full or complete abdominoplasty ($6500 to $8500) and breast lifts with implants. ($ 7,000 to $ 9,000) This will help you think about setting some financial goals as well.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: I’m 25 years old and I just had my 4th daughter in February of this year. I am still breastfeeding and I am going to stop breastfeeding in two more weeks. How soon can I do my breast augmentation after I stop breastfeeding?

A: This is a common question as many women want to quickly improve the size and shape of their breasts after childbirthing. Obviously breast enhancement can not be done while actively breastfeeding so how soon after?  Breast augmentation, because it involves the placement of a synthetic implant, needs to be done as sterile as possible to avoid infection. Milk actively coming from a nipple with breast manipulation during surgery does pose an increased infection risk. You also want to be sure that the breast is adequately deflated and is still not engorged so one is working with a stable breast size that is not subject to further tissue changes after surgery. Most plastic surgeons would  recommend waiting at least 3 months after you have finished breast feeding before undergoing surgery. I would also recommend getting a consultation once you have finished breastfeeding to begin the consideration of implant options. It is also likely that after having four children that breast augmentation alone is not the only solution to better breasts. If there is any sagging (nipples at or below the lower breast crease), then a breast lift will need to be done at the same time as the implant placements. (mastopexy-augmentation)

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: I was wondering if an intraoral chin reduction could be successful if I don’t have much soft tissue. I know if the mentalis muscle is disturbed it can cause sagging but if it is properly tightened back together could this still happen? What is the likelihood?

A: When the chin bone is shortened from inside the mouth, the muscle is not only detached but now an excess amount of soft tissue results. In other words, there is too much soft tissue for the amount of bone left. That is what creates a chin soft tissue sag or witch’s chin. While tightening up the muscle back to the bone is effective for very small chin reductions (that aren’t noticeable), such muscle tightening will not work for more visible chin bone reductions. The extra amount of soft tissue must be shortened (removed) as well as tightened. So the answer to your question is that intraoral chin reduction is usually a bad idea no matter how well the muscle is retightened. Only a submental (under the chin) approach can adequately remove and tighten the loose soft tissue that is created from chin bone reduction.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, what is the chance of any type of nerve damage from chin, jaw and cheek augmentations. Also, what is the rate of infection from facial implants? Mostly though I am concerned about nerve damage from these facial implants.

A:  When considering nerve damage from chin, cheek or jaw angle implants, you must separate the two types of facial nerves which are motor (risk of muscle paralysis) and sensory. (risk of numbness) There is no risk of facial paralysis from any of these facial implants. Where they are inserted from, which is usually from inside the mouth (with the exception of a chin implant), does not come near any branch of the facial nerve. Risk of some numbness, temporary or permanent, is the more common nerve risk of facial implant surgery. Branches of the trigeminal nerve at risk are the mental (chin implants), infraorbital (cheek implants) and the long buccal nerve. (jaw angle implants) It is rare that permanent numbness would result from these surgeries.

Infection is always a risk from the placement of any type of synthetic material into the face. While the face is exceedingly well-vascularized, it is still possible for infection to occur from bacterial contamination during their placement. The infection risk is about 1% to 3% and is slightly higher when the implants are placed from inside the mouth vs. through the outside of the skin. A chin implant is most commonly placed through an incision under the chin through the skin.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I am concerned about the way my face has started to look. I am only 45 years old but I look much older. I don’t think there is anything in my medical history that could explain this change in my appearance. I’m otherwise quite healthy; I eat well, exercise regularly, and have not had any recent weight loss or gain. I had a hormone panel done and they are all normal. The only other possibility I can come up with–although I highly doubt medical data could back-up my hypothesis–is that over the past few years I lost both of my parents. I feel that perhaps stress and anxiety have taken their toll on my face. I have attached pictures so you can see what I mean. I also have an indentation below my left cheek that has appeared without any explanation. I wonder if a submalar implant would work to build out that area. Otherwise, I would welcome any other suggestions you would have for my aging face.

A: Thank you for your inquiry and sending your pictures. Based on a review of your pictures, I can make the following comments.

 1) The area of left facial indentation/depression is not over a bony prominence or the submalar area. It is actually over the concave portion of the underlying maxilla and is in the area of the infraorbital nerve exit/distribution into the tissues. I do not know why it has selectively become that way.

2) You also have more generalized facial lipoatrophy which is apparent when looking at your younger facial photographs. While you have no sagging skin that would require something like a facelift, your face has undergone more deflation or loss of volume.

3) A submalar or any other type of synthetic or bone-based implant is not what will work for the soft tissue indentation.

4) I think that concentrated fat injections, not only into the left maxillary indentation, but through your cheeks, orbital and lateral facial areas would be a good treatment for you. You need restoration of facial volume through injectable fat grafting.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Hi Dr. Eppley I’ve been suffering with TMJ pain for a long time. And I’d like to know how well does Botox work for TMJ and also do you use Xeomin as well for TMJ?

A:  Thank you for your inquiry. Botox is an anti-muscle spasm/pain injectable drug so it is good for masseteric muscle pain and hypertrophy but not specifically true TMJ dysfunction. Although many people think that they have ‘TMJ’, they actually do not have a true intracapsular joint problem which is a dysfunction between their condylar head and the moveable meniscus. (disc) Rather most ‘TMJ’ patients actually have myofascial pain (muscle pain) which may or may not be responsive to Botox. I would need to know more about your ‘TMJ history’ to determine if this is a treatment option for you. Knowing if you have specific trigger points for your pain would suggest that Botox injections could be beneficial.

Xeomin is the second competitive drug to Botox that has come out in the past two years. I do not currently use it as it does not offer any significant clinical advantages over Botox such as longer duration of action or a stronger effect. It works identical to Botox other than how its units are measured. One has to be very careful in trying to compare Botox, Dysport and Xeomin as they all have different unit dosages. Their units are not comparable terms of strength and price. Usually the unit dosing is different but the cost works out to be about the same, or very similar, for all of them.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: I would like to know what you recommend to make my nose smaller and my upper lip bigger. I have attached some pictures of myself for you to see and do computer imaging as well as some pictures of my goals. I understand the results are not going to be identical. The pictures are just an “inspiration” of what i want to achieve. I’am very excited to see the computer imaging!

A:  Thank you for sending your pictures. I have done somecomputer imaging on your nose and lips. The side view is not a good quality image but I did the best I could. The refinement in your nasal tip will be somewhat limited by the thickness of your nasal skin which is always the limiting factor in tip definition from a rhinoplasty. But the tip area can definitely be improved. I also did some cartilage buildup of the dorsal line and bridge area. This will help make the rest of the nose higher and slimmer which will also help the appearance of the tip.

From an upper lip standpoint, you have nice contours and definition but just need some more volume. I would recommend concentrated fat/stem cell injections into the upper lip. That could be done at the same time as the rhinoplasty. An alternative is a subnasal (bullhorn) lip lift but this can not be done at the same time as an open rhinoplasty. Therefore, I would do the fat injections at the time of the rhinoplasty and see how that turns out. The subnasal lip lift can always be done later as an office procedure under local anesthesia.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: I am a 24 yr. old Asian female interested in augmenting my brow line.  I’ve attached a photo of myself and another person with a protruding brow line.  I don’t expect to look like the second photo after surgery but I’m using it to get my idea across. About a year ago, I had fat injections to my eyebrow area, but I saw little to no results after the procedure.  Now I am considering different options for more noticeable results.  The other options I am considering are – implants, bone graft, bone cement, or filler. I would like to know if you’ve performed these procedures and I have a few questions concerning them:

• Where will the incision be?
• What is the possibility of infection?
• Is there the risk of facial nerves being damaged during the procedure?

Thank you in advance,

A: I have performed brow and forehead augmentation/cranioplasty with numerous materials over the years. In answer to your questions regarding brow augmentation:

1) You can look like the picture if you want. It is all a matter of how much material is added. There is not much limit to what can be added.

2) A scalp or coronal incision is used for access to the brows.

3) Infection is always a possibility but rare in scalp procedures. So rare that I have not seen it in my practice career.

4) There is no risk of facial nerve injury.

Also, without question, cement is what you want to use for brow augmentation. Not implants or bone grafts. Cements can be molded and shaped to the bone and are permament.

I hope this is helpful. Let me know if you have any further questions.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q:  I want to get liposuction done as soon as possible. My only problem is my stomach which is what I want to get rid of. I hope you can help me. I am getting married this coming July. Can I have it done before then?

A: Liposuction can be a very effective solution for a stomach area that has fat which has been refractory to diet and exercise efforts. Provided there is no significant extra skin, which may mean a tummy tuck is a better treatment, then liposuction alone is a good choice. Recovery after any trunk liposuction always take longer and is more difficult than most people think. It is not as simple as ‘in one to two weeks you will be just fine’. That doesn’t mean that one is bed-ridden or severely limited in physical activities, it is just that it is sore for a much longer time than one would predict. This is particularly true around the stomach where its center of body location exposes it to constant movement and stretching. Before an extremely important event like gettinmg married, you want to allow a good amount of time between the liposuction procedure and your wedding date. I tell my patients at least 6 weeks and preferably 8 weeks beforehand is even better. You want to feel 100% by the time the big day arrives.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q: Hi Dr Eppley, I was also wondering about the possibility of injectable kryptonite cranioplasty for plagiocephaly. I live in Europe and had not heard of this procedure until coming across your website.  I am a 30 year old man, and my skull is flattened at the back, and a bit asymmetrical. I would be interested in the procedure, but as I understand it is fairly new. I was wondering about any other potential problems- for example, would there be much loss of sensation/feeling at the back of head? or risk of any possible future complications?

A: The injectable Kryptonite procedure is one I have been doing for the past 6 months or so. The material is not new but the method of delivery is one that I have developed specifically for onlay cranioplasty. It is a simple technique that does not permanently change the feeling in the skin of the scalp. The only potential complication has been that of smoothness of its contour, particularly at the edges where the material has to blend into the surrounding skull bone. I have seen that and also developed a relatively simple rasping remedy, which like the original injection method, uses a very small incision(s) for access. So the significant risk of the procedure may be the need for secondary or revisional smoothing if any irregularities develop.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q: I would like information regarding Rhinoplasty.  I am thinking about having it done and need some more specifics as well as the cost. Thank you.

A: Thank you for your inquiry. I get lots of requests that are just like yours, requesting general  information. Such questions, while well intended, are too vague and not very meaningful. There is a tremendpus amount of information aboout rhinoplasty on my website and blogs. To be most helpful, however,  I would need to know what specific information you seek. What you really want is not general information on the procedure but how it specifically relates to you and your nose concerns. The most helpful information would be what type of rhinoplasty do you need and how might it look on you if it were done. If you send me some pictures (a front and side view of your face on a clean background such as a door or wall) I can do an assessment and some computer imaging for you. That would be the most meaningful place to start in your search for rhinoplasty information. Once the nose problem is seen and imaged, some more specific cost information can be provided.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q: Hello. My hairline is kind of far back. I would say it is about 2 cm too far and it is really making me look odd.  I have attached a video which captured it pretty good as well as some photographs. Here are my thoughts. Every cm. down would be a great thing for me, but as you can see, I also have some natural receded hair in the corners of each side. Could this look weird or odd in case of bringing the hairline down a bit or will they also be brought down? Also, I don’t mind the ehighht of my forehead. It is just that the hairline sits so far back.

A: When doing a hairline advancement, the entire frontal hairline is moved although the greatest movement is in the middle. Your issue for a forehead reduction is that you are a male and young. Since you can not possibly predict how stable your frontal hairline will be for the rest of your life, the fine line scar from the procedure along your existing hairline may not always be at the very edge of your hairline.  This raises the very high probability for most men that the scar one day, sooner or later, may be visible in front of one’s hairline. This is why hairline advancements (forehead reductions) are rarely, if ever, done in men

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q: My wife have stated to me that she would like to have breast augmentation. My question, is any type of plastic surgery covered under health insurance plans. I not sure if we could afford something like this. What are my options for plastic surgery procedures. Thank you.

A: It is not rare that I get a request from a prospective patient inquiring about whether a breast augmentation would be covered by their health insurance. This question points to a fundamental misunderstanding of what one’s health insurance is for and the differences between cosmetic and reconstructive plastic surgery. Health insurance is intended to pay for preventative and treatment care for medically necessary conditions. When it comes to the breast such medically necessary surgery would include breast biopsies, lumpectomies, mastectomies and any form of breast reconstruction that these procedures have caused. Breast conditions caused by underdevelopment (small breasts) or breast shape changes due to pregnancy or aging (breast sagging) are not medically necessary conditions. Therefore, rebuilding a damaged or partial or completely removed breast would be breast reconstruction and is medically necessary and paid for by health insurance. Increasing the size of the breast with implants or changing its shape by lift procedures are cosmetic changes and are never covered under one’s health insurance.

While it is understandable that one wants to have their insurance cover breast augmentation, that remains wishful thinking. At best, insurance will never pre-approve a breast augmentation. At worst, trying to do breast augmentation under insurance would be considered fraudulent.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q: My daughter is 14 years old and is bothered tremendously by her ears that stick out. While we are used to them and think she is beautiful, she clearly has a different opinion. She never wears her hair back and always has it so that her hair covers her ears. While we are not keen on her having to undergo plastic surgery, I think this is the only solution that will make her less self-conscious. What is a good age age for her to have ear pinning surgery?

A: Ear pinning, also known as otoplasty, is actually the number one teenage plastic surgery performed. It is a highly successful operation that can make a dramatic difference in the shape of the ears, changing it from one in which the ears are the most noticeable feature of one’s face to not noticing them at all. (which is how your ears should be) When evaluating teenagers for cosmetic plastic surgery, I always consider three factors; their physical maturity, their emotional maturity and their expectations. When it comes to ears, otoplasty can really be performed safely anytime after 2 years of age. It has been shown that the operation does not affect ear growth beyond that age. From an emotional maturity standpoint, the problem that otoplasty treats is very obvious as well as why it would bother someone so this is never an issue.  I think almost any patient, teenagers not withstanding, have reasonable expectations with the goal of an ear that does not stick out as far. As long as the operation does not create the reverse problem (ear plastered against the side of the head), most patients are going to be very happy with the results. In conclusion, I think your daughter can have otoplasty at anytime and the sooner it is done the better she is going to feel about herself.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Q: I am interested in facial feminization surgery. I will be starting hormone replacement therapy in the next few months and as part of this I would like to know which surgical procedures I can benefit from. f you could list them in priority would be greatly appreciated. I need to prioritize my surgeries based on finances and benefit. Thank you so very much for providing this service, it will be such a stress reliever and I am looking forward to your recommendations. I have attached a front and side view picture of me to review.

A:  Thank you for sending your pictures. In looking at your pictures, I would recommend the following facial feminization surgery procedures and would place them in the following order of importance and value.

 1) Forehead Contouring/Brow Reduction and Brow Lift – This is almost always one of the most important areas as you have a classic male forehead and appearance with a low horizontal brow shape, mildly prominent brow bones and a dip in the forehead shape. A more feminine appearance comes from smoothing donw the brow bones with a lateral wing effect, cranioplasty to make the forehead more convex, and a browlift to create an arch to the eyerows with a lateral swoop. This can dramatically change the way the eye and forehead area looks, creating a very softening effect. Because this has to be done through an open scalp incision, you will need to consider potential hair transplantation later. But this may have been on your list anyway at some point.

 You would also benefit from an upper blepharoplasty to get rid of the extra skin and create a better eyelid shape to go with the forehead/brow reshaping.

 2) Rhinoplasty – The thick skin and shape of your nose needs substantial refinement. That is a challenge with your thick nasal skin and underlying cartilages but significant improvement can still be obtained.

3) Chin Contouring – Tapering the chin bone to make it less square would provide a softening effect.

 4) Necklift – Tucking up the loose neck skin would help the chin and the neck angle to be more defined.

 As outlined above, the Forehead, Brow and Nose are really important in our case and would be the first set of procedures you should do. I have attached some rough computer imaging which gives a general idea but would probably look better in real life as there are limits to what moving image pixels around can do.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: I am interested in correcting some asymmetry in my face and creating more harmony to the lower third of my face. The back of my lower jaw area (masseter muscle) is bigger on my right side. There is also some soft tissue asymmetry with the right side being fuller in my mid cheek area, and my chin is off center. I have been to different cosmetic surgeons but have not come across anyone who has a real solution for this. Orthognatic surgery was recommended, however I believe there is a way to correct this without such invasive surgery. I have had trouble locating a doctor in my town that does jaw implants, that’s why I was happy to find your site because it seems jaw angle implants and dealing with facial asymmetry and the jaw area in general is something you have extensive experience. I have done some research, and the solution I came up with would be jaw angle implants, with the one on the right side being bigger to account for the asymmetry. However, even without the asymmetry I would still be considering jaw implants, just because I feel that my jawline is more narrow/less defined than I would like. For the soft tissue asymmetry I would like to do removal of the buccal fat pad/or facial liposuction to thin out the lower cheek area of my face and make that area more defined. Please let me know what you think. I look forward to hearing from you and getting an idea of what you think is best from the imaging. Thanks!

A:  Thank you for your inquiry and sending your photos. As you have astutely pointed out, you have overall lower facial asymmetry marked by a very high left mandibular angle (steep mandibular plane) compared to the right side and chin bone asymmetry. This could be improved by jaw angle implants (3mm lateral style on right and 3mm inferolateral style on left) and chin bony contouring. (right chin tubercle reduction) For the midface, I would look at not only buccal lipectomies but the addition of small cheek implants as well. When you have a long face that is flatter in profile (malar hypoplasia), some anterior projection of the cheeks is helpful. Otherwise, buccal lipectomies alone may just make you look a little more sallow or gaunt and not provide the facial highlighting that you desire. 

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana