Your Questions
Your Questions
Q: Dr. Eppley, I am going to get breast implants and have had several consultations. One confusing point for me is whether the implants should be above or below the muscle. Of the two consults I have had one says above the muscle and the other is adamant that they go below the muscle. What do you think?
A: There are is no absolutely best position for breast implants in any particular patient. There are advantages and disadvantages to both approaches. The vast majority of patients today have implants placed beneath the muscle for better pocket stability, a more natural look (upper pole shape), better tissue coverage, a lower rate of rippling and less interference with mammograms. The one downside to under the muscle is that there will be animation deformities, meaning the implants will be pushed to the side unnaturally with pectoralis mucle contraction when the arms are extended. The one benefit to an implant being above the muscle is when there is some breast tissue sagging, it can fill out the sagging tissues better. The other under the muscle benefit is for someone who was looking for less recovery time and pain and could not avoid adjusting their fitness regimen or someone who has to have the procedure done under local anesthesia for medical and fear of anesthesia reasons.
In the end, one has to weigh these advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of their own breast anatomy and shape. As a general rule, always remember that any implant in the body always does better in the long run (i.e., less complications) when placed under a thicker soft tissue cover particularly when under well-vascularized muscle.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: Dr. Eppley, I am 44 years old and have had silicone implants for just over 10 years. I have noticed recently that under my left breast near the sternum it has gotten sore. I also have had chest, back and arm pain on and off over the past year. My doctor sent me for a mammogram and I also got an ultrasound at the same time. Both were negative for any problems. Do you think my breast implants are a cause of my problems.? Can a breast implant release harmful chemicals or toxins? I want tio keep my breast implants but if they are dangerous then I want them out.
A: It is impossible to say with an certainty that there is a relationship of the symptoms you are having and your breast implants. What we do know for sure is that breast implants do not release toxins, poisons, or any other harmful chemicals. While you have had a good breast screening work-up, mammograms and ultrasound are not 100% accurate when it comes to detecting an implant rupture. If anything, that is where my suspicion would lie as it relates to your left breast pain. If it persists or increases in severity, I would consider getting an MRI which is the most accurate test we have to detect breast implant rupture.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: Dr. Eppley, I am in need of some breast help! I have had three children, all whom I have nursed. I have also lost 45 lbs over the past year through diet and exercise. This has left my breasts saggy. I know that I need a breast, that is without question. The only question I really have is whether I can get by with out breast implants.Do you think that’s possible with how my breasts look? I’m happy with the size of my breasts when I wear a good bra (currently 40D) but unhappy with how deflated and saggy they are without a bra.
A: Breast lifts do an excellent job of lifting and tightening the shape of the breast mound. By keeping the same amount of breast tissue and lifting and tightening the ‘bag’ which contains them, this does create a less saggy and more round breast. This is particularly true in the bottom pole of the breast and less so in the upper pole of the breast. In the beginning right after breast lift surgery, the upper pole of the breast is quite round and full. But as the tissues relax and settle, much of the upper pole fullness will be lost. If one doesn’t ming some rebound flattening of the upper breast pole, then I think you would be fine with a breast lift alone. However, if your goal is to have a rounder and more full upper breast pole long-term, then a small implant will be needed to accomplish that breast shape goal.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
When the subject of breast implants or breast enlargement surgery comes up, many people immediately think about size. Large breasts that create eye-catching cleavage are what comes to many minds, a concept that has not been helped over the past two decades from celebrities ranging from Pamela Anderson to Heidi Montag of more recent note.
The reality of breast implant surgery, however, is far from this image. There are certainly a minority of women who do want this look. But the vast majority of women who choose to have breast implants are much more interested in finding the right size for their body and not to have overpowering breasts that become the focal point of their appearance.
Most breast augmentation patients are average women who simply want to look good in clothes and sport attire. I have seen many women who have told me that they are embarrassed to wear a bathing and won’t go to the pool or beach with their family. While breast underdevelopment is the most common motivation for getting implants, there are numerous other reasons. These include such breast conditions as postpregnancy sagging, asymmetrical breasts, body proportioning, breast asymmetry and reconstruction after mastectomies.
Pregnancy and nursing can have an adverse effect on a woman’s breast shape and size causing sagging and, almost always, a change in the amount of breast tissue. Many women are unaware that it is completely normal to lose breast tissue after pregnancy, a phenomenon known as involution. For some women who have had multiple pregnancies, they lose all of the breast tissue they originally had. When combined with stretched out skin, the change in a woman’s breasts can be deflating for their self-image as well. These are women who simply want to return to their pre-baby size and shape.
There are many women who have breast asymmetry where one breast is larger or different in shape than the other. In some cases the breast size difference can be as much as a cup size, sometimes even more. For women so afflicted, finding a bra to fit comfortably and properly is not as easy as going to Victoria Secret’s and pulling a good fit off the rack. Often they are forced to add padding to create a more even look in their clothing.
One of the most recognized and easily understandable reasons for implants is in breast reconstruction. The physical and emotional devastation of going through any form of a lumpectomy or mastectomy procedure can be softened knowing that an immediate or even a delayed reconstruction can be done. While numerous forms of breast reconstruction exist, including flaps that form the breast mound out of your tissues, implants remain the backbone of how most breasts are recreated.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
A common question that some women face today is…are they for real? With more women than ever undergoing breast augmentation, this is not a far-fetched question. It may be inappropriate to ask but the statistical reality is one may be more right than wrong many of the times. According to statistics from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, the number of women who have had breast augmentation had risen nearly 40% over the past decade. In 2010, nearly 300,000 American women received cosmetic breast enhancement.
One other trend in breast augmentation is a noticeable size difference. Many plastic surgeons have commented that women are asking for bigger breasts than they were a decade ago. Historically women would usually ask to go a cup size bigger. Today it is not uncommon for a women to want two or three cups bigger, particularly the younger they are. Women state they want to get a good value for their investment and they want to make a noticeable difference in their clothed appearance.
What accounts for these trends in breast augmentation? By far I would say that it is simply more accepted than ever before. As we enter the upcoming decade of 2010 to 2020, this is the beginning of the third generation of women who have had access to breast implants for cosmetic enlargement. It is a normal part of society now and younger women’s mothers and soon grandmothers will have had the procedure.
Breast augmentation has a track history of safety as well as effectiveness. Despite the hullaboo of what transpired in the early 1990s, the procedure has been proven to cause no medical problems or makes people systemically sick.. While it is far from a perfect procedure, because after all it is an implant in the body, its complications are local in nature and often aesthetic in significance.
The social trends of today play a major role in its popularity as well. Just go through the checkout counter at the local grocery store and the magazines are full of articles about celebrities who have had or are assumed to have had some form of plastic surgery. Many of these are women actors and performers who have enhanced their top half. The influence of these magazine, TV shows and now the internet have made it seem that having breast enhancement is now the new norm.
There are more choices in breast implants today than ever before. Since 2006, both saline and silicone implants are available in not only differing sizes but projection and styles as well. With the potential for gummy bear breast implants to be available perhaps later this year, increasing implant options appeal to an even broader spectrum of women. Just like the many aisles in a drugstore, multiple options for a single product line result in more sales.
The rise in breast augmentation is a result of greater societal acceptance, safety of the devices, influence of famous people, and a wide variety of implant options. I suspect the upcoming decade will see the number of implanted women continue to rise.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: Do you do fat injections for breast augmentations? I read your article and have already been in to be seen and I am planning to have surgery in June. Is this a possibility for me? I did not know about this before the time I had my breast augmentation consultation or I would have asked.
A: Fat injections for breast augmentation (FIBA) at this time is a procedure that is in a state of development. The reliability of the procedure and whom is the best candidate for it will take time to know better. The fairest statement one can make about the FIBA procedure is that the result can not guaranteed (breast volume and shape), can cost more than traditional breast implants, and may likely take two or three injection sessions spaced 3 to 6 months apart to get the desired result. Then there are the very real risks of fat necrosis and lumps throughout the breast.
To the best we know at this time, FIBA may be a reasonable alternative for a woman whose breast size goal is modest (B cup, maybe small C) and is willing to assume multiple procedures and the associated risks. This is not to mention that one must have enough fat to harvest on one’s body for transfer.
Compared to the success of traditional breast implants, FIBA is not for the vast majority of women considering breast enlargement today. It may be a different story (or not) five or ten years from now.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I want to have breast implants done. I am not happy with the way my breasts look. But I have lupus and am not sure that I can have this procedure with this medical condition.
A: Whether breast augmentation with the medical history of lupus is a good idea would depend on what the extent and how symptomatic this autoimmune disease is in you. Do you have any known healing problems as a result of your lupus? Have you had surgery in the past and did you have any problems with healing or infections after surgery? Are you on any steroids or other immunosuppressive medications? What symptoms do you currently have from your lupus? What are your titer levels of ANA and other blood tests from your doctor?
Ultimately, what your doctor or rheumatologist would say about your lupus condition would have a lot to say about the adviseability of breast augmentation for you. Despite the past allegations that silicone breast implants cause autoimmune disease from the 1990s, that has now long been disproven.
The issue is are you more prone to breast implant complications from your lupus? Infection risk in the short term and capsular contracture in the longer term are the issues. If you have skin problems, such as banding and contractures, than you would be likely to get problematic breast implant capsules. If not and your lupus is stable and relatively asymptomatic, then breast augmentation may be a satisfactory procedure for you.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis Indiana
The holiday season is full of strenuous activities and one of these is travel. Anyone who has traveled by air in the past year knows that security is getting ever more scrutinizing. But of all the things that could be potentially hazardous to an airplane and its passengers, who knew that breast implants would be one of them?
Recently, a flight attendant’s breast prosthesis (external) became an unfortunate source of controversy that illustrates the growing conflict between one’s privacy and that of air travel security. New TSA screening rules include the use of either full-body scanners or pat-downs for selected passengers, the inclusion criteria of which is not clear. Incredulously, the flight attendant was made to remove her implant as part of the screening process.. This event has understandably raised concerns amongst some plastic surgery patients about their right to having to reveal their most intimate of physical information.
If you are traveling and have any implants, breast or otherwise, do you have to tell screeners that you have implants? According to the TSA website, “It is recommended (but not required) that you advise the Security Officer that you have an implanted medical device, and where that implant is located. If you have an implanted medical device that you would like to remain private and confidential, ask the Security Officer to please be discreet when assisting you through the screening process.”
While having breast implants is a personal matter, stepping onto a public airline mandates that you may be asked to give up all your rights to privacy. This offends all of us but this issue has long had a legal precedent. A similar issue confronted us decades ago in the height of the first wave of terrorist activity in airlines…the introduction of the need to pass through a metal detector. Similar concerns were raised then and the highest court in the land ruled that making you do so was not unconstitutional.
The body scanner has the ability to not only see breast implants but many other types of implants as well. From facial implants, chemotherapy ports, shunts for water on the brain, any artificial orthopedic joint replacements and even testicular implants. No one knows the actual statistics but I would estimate that at least one out of every three people traveling have some indwelling implant. Pat downs, of course, can tell almost none of these internal issues but they are infinitely more offensive.
I am certain that the TSA doesn’t care if you have had breast augmentation. But you can argue that their concern about them has some validity. Intelligence reports have come forth that indicates that terrorists may be having women implanted with breast prostheses filled with explosive material. This would be all too easy to do and is a potential reality. It only requires a method of activation, an indwelling receiver to make it work. And this is exactly what a body scanner can hopefully pick up.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I came across your website, while doing research on cosmetic surgery. I currently have depression. After three pregnancies, I feel like my body is mangled. I know that my self-image is what brings on most of my depression. I know that depression alone is not a reason to have surgery. I have been treated for depression for about three years now. I have thought about cosmetic surgery just as long. After the pregnancies and losing weight, gaining weight, and losing weight, my belly definitely needs a tuck. I breastfed all of my children. I breastfed only for about 2 months with the first child but about a year with the last child. With breastfeeding and losing weight; I barely have any breasts at all.
I am only 28 years old. I want to feel young and beautiful again! I know I deserve to and my husband deserves to have a wife who feels good about herself again. My kids deserve a mother that feels comfortable enough to take them swimming. I would love to be able to eventually wear a bikini.
I know that some people may get depressed after they have surgery; whose to know how I will be after surgery. Seeing that a lot of the causes of my depression are due to the way I feel about myself or view my body. I know surgery could not make my depression worse; if anything it will help improve the way I see myself and think about my body. The only way surgery would worsen my depression is if I had surgery by a surgeon who did a lousy job.
I am not interested in looking fake. I just want to look normal again. I would like to either be a full C or small D regarding my breast.
I suppose a ‘Mommy Makeover’ is what I am really looking for. What are your thoughts?
A: Of your situation and feelings, I understand completely and could not be more emphatic. Pregnancies can definitely take a toll on your body, and between the skin stretching and shrinking and the inevitable breast involution (loss of breast tissue), some women can not even recognize the current skin and body that they now have.
As you have correctly pointed out, surgery is not a cure for depression. But at least it can improve one recognizeable and understandable cause of it…the way one looks. The body problems can definitely be improved and, hopefully with that, one’s self-image elevates. In my experience with women and these type of popular ‘Mommy Makeovers’, patient do report a dramatic improvement in their self-confidence and clothing options.
The classic ‘Mommy Makeover’ is some form of combined abdominal and breast rehaping plastic surgery procedures. This is usually a tummy tuck with or without liposuction and breast implants with or without a lift. In about a four hour surgery (or less), a dramatic body transformation can occur.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis Indiana
Q: I have been researching getting breast implants for some time. I know the differences between saline and silicone types of implants but am confused about these ‘gummy bear’ implants. I know it is some form of silicone but it is the best type of implant to get? Why is it different and are there any known problems with it? Is it the best type of breast implant to have?
A: The first thing to appreciate is that there are numerous type of breast implants from which to choose. They all will work and are FDA-approved with the exception of the gummy bear implant to which you refer. It has yet to be shown that there is one type of breast implant that is superior to any of the others. They all have some advantages and disadvantages and each woman has to weigh out those implant differences to determine what is the best breast implant for them. If there was one specific type of breast implant that was definitely superior that would be the only one that I would be using in my Indianapolis plastic surgery practice.
The gummy bear implant is a different type of silicone that is more firm than regular cohesive silicone gel. Hence the name gummy bear as it resembles this consistency. It is a textured anatomic implant that remains under clinical trials through the sponsoring company Allergan. It has not received FDA-approval as of yet. Because of its textured surface and its more form consistency, it must be placed through a larger lower breast fold incision than would be used for either saline or cohesive gel breast implants. Whether its added firmness is an advantage in cosmetic breast augmentation is a matter of debate. Its physical properties seem to offer advantages in breast reconstruction where the breast tissue may be thinner and more prone to contracture deformity. Gummy bear implants can and do ‘fracture’, requiring removal and replacement.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I was looking at having breast augmentation done. One of my breasts is larger than the other. But I was woundering if you could use instead of saline implants fat from somewhere else on my body, like my stomach area?? That would solve two problems at once!
A: The appeal of using fat instead of a synthetic material certainly is of interest to some patients. If fat worked just as well as implants, and was no more costly to perform, then it truly would be a better option. However, as of today, fat remains a breast technique in evolution and development. The harvesting and injection of the fat are standard plastic surgery methods. However, fat after injection is not yet completely predictable and is prone to resorption, uneveness and lumps. It is also highly likely that multiple sessions of fat injections would be needed to get close to what most women would want. With multiple treatments, the cost would exceed what breast implant surgery would cost.
Scarring and lumps in the breast are also a concern for long-term breast cancer surveillance. It is not yet known if fat grafts into a non-reconstructed breast who has not had a mastectomy interferes with the detection of breast cancer.
Until the science of fat transplantation is better understood, fat injections into the breast should only be considered for those patients who are willing to accept the risks that come with being an early adopter of a surgical technique. For now, the use of a breast implant is more predictable and economical.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I am very interested in breast augmentation. I have been pregnant four times and between weight gain and loss my breasts are in need of some repair. Do you think I will need a breast lift also?
A: The anatomic determination of whether any breast needs lifting is based on where the nipple is sitting relative to where the lower breast crease or fold is. If the nipple is at or above the lower fold, one will not need a lift in combination with breast implants. If the nipple sits below the fold, whether it be a little or down so far the nipple points to the floor, then a combination implant and lift will be needed to get a well shaped breast that has the nipple centrally positioned on the mound and pointing forward.
When a women has had more than two pregnancies, it is almost a certainty that a breast lift will be needed. I do not recall ever seeing in my Indianapolis plastic surgery practice a patient with three or four pregnancies who has not needed one. When you combine the number of pregnancies with up and down body weight, there has undoubtably been a lot of stress and strain on the breast skin. This translates into breast skin that is loose, deflated and has a low nipple position. This will happen to most breasts whether one has breastfed or not.
A breast implant will add volume to the mound but will not significantly lift a downturned or low nipple position. That is exactly what a breast lift does…get the nipple back up to where it once was or close to it.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: My breasts are in terrible shape after having had 4 children and nursing them all. They are saggy and disgusting. I think they need a total breast overall. They look so bad I don’t even know if they can be helped. I have read about breast implants, breast lifts, and breast reductions and I think I need all three. Is it possible to have all three of the procedures I am asking for done at the same time?
A: The combination of a breast lift (skin reduction and tightening) with an implant is a very common procedure for the breast that is small in volume but has an excess amount of skin that sags over the lower breast crease. With the breast in this kind of shape, all three procedures are needed simultaneously to give a more pleasing and uplifted breast shape. This is the most difficult of all cosmetic breast procedures and is best thought of a breast reconstruction rather than a simple breast reshaping.
Unlike breast implants alone, this more extensive form of breast reshaping will result in scars on the breast. The scars will be similar to that of a breast reduction. Because of the difficulty of the procedure, secondary revisional surgery is not rare to get the best shape and symmetry between breasts that often start off not only badly shaped but different.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I have a strange question for you Dr. Eppley but I am very curious. I am going to get breast augmentation in the near future and am an avid swimmer. My friend told me that it might interfere with me swimming. She said she heard that breast implants will act like floats and slow me down or could weigh me down and make it harder to stay afloat. Is what she is saying true?
A: Your question/concern about the impact of breast implants in the water is neither strange nor new. Women have asked me about that numerous times in my Indianapolis plastic surgery practice. One the one hand, millions of women over the past thirty years have had breast implants and such potential problems have never surfaced or been reported. This would strongly suggest that what your friend is telling you is nothing more than an urban myth.
From a scientific standpoint, the question is one of the buoyancy of breast implants. Depending upon the type of breast implant, the answer differs slightly. Saline implants are neutrally buoyant, meaning that they will neither float nor sink. This makes perfect sense since they are essentially the same density as the water in which they are immersed. The two fluids are only separated by the thin containment shell of the implant. Silicone implants, however, are a little more dense than water and will have a slight sinking effect.But they will not completely sink and essentially float as well. This can be easily demonstrated by placing both type of implants in a sink filled with water.
When placed in the body, however, the buoyancy of breast implants demonstrated by benchtop testing becomes irrelevant. Their impact will be the same as any other enclosed body part. Their only potential impact on swimming is on the aerodynamics of the body shape, which is only relevant if one is an Olympic or competitive swimmer.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I am a 31yr old mother of two kids. I got out of a five year relationship where I got too comfortable and gained a lot of weight. About six months ago I started working out and lost over 30lbs along with a strict diet. I still have about 25lbs to go to reach my goal weight but I know that dieting alone will not give me the final results I want. I am interested in a tummy tuck, a monsplasty, and breast augmentation. I was born with one breast about 1 cup size bigger. I would like them to be equal in size along with a lift. Can all of these procedures be done in a single operation?
A: Congratulations on the results you have obtained so far. It is always surprising what effort and discipline can do for one’s weight. You should be proud that you have gotten this far. In pursuit of your goal weight, think of the plastic surgery as an incentive to get there.
The first step in body contouring is weight loss but this alone is often not enough to get the shape that one wants. There is no better combination than a combined breast and abdominal procedure to change a woman’s appearance between the shoulders and the waistline. In a few hours of surgery, some dramatic changes can be obtained. Putting these two operations together is very common and I have done it many times in my Indianapolis plastic surgery practice. Breast enhancement and tummy tucks together can still be done as an outpatient procedure.
Many larger tummy tucks require reduction of a large mons at the same time. It is done as part of the tummy tuck by modifying the location and orientation of the lower incision. Complete mons reduction may still require a secondary liposuction procedure for optimal flattening. Breast enhancement in most significant weight loss patients requires a combined lift with an implant, known as an augmentation mastopexy.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I have breast implants originally placed in 2002. I got pregnant shortly afterwards and once I delivered my breasts changed afterwards and I developed some drooping. So I went back and had new implants placed in 2007 that were bigger and helped to fill out some loose and droopy skin. After having these implants for a while, I have decided that I want to go back to my original augmentation size. But I fear in doing so that I will get saggy breasts again. What do you recommend?
A: Going up in breast implant size is always easy because loose skin is expanded and filled out. While breast implants alone are often not the sole solution to a really saggy breast, they do help tremendously and are very forgiving of less than ideal breast skin.
Going down in breast implant size, however, is not so forgiving. Even the smallest amount of loose or droopy breast skin will get much worse as the ‘balloon deflates’ so to speak. As a result, some form of breast lift is often needed in many breast implant downsizings. What makes this aesthetically difficult is that this will involve creating breast scars which is another form of a cosmetic breast deformity.
If the nipple is fairly centered on the breast mound, a smaller implant replacement may not involve any type of lift or only a very small one such as a nipple or circumareolar type lift. If the nipple is off-center or points any amount downward, then a more significant lift with breast skin scars may be necessary when the breast implants are down-sized.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q : I had saline implants done three years ago in 2007. I had some left breast pain last night and woke up this morning with my left breast almost completely flat. I was mortified. How did this happen? I need to get my implant replaced as soon as possible. How quickly can we get this done?
A: Failure of a breast implant is a lifetime risk for anyone that undergoes breast augmentation. While everyone thinks it just happens to someone else, the statistics say that the risk is 1% per year of implantation. Failure of most breast implants occur spontaneously, meaning that there is no specific reason why or there is nothing that the patient has specifically done to cause it. It just happens from the fatigue of the implant folding back and forth.
Saline breast implants fail in a particularly dramatic fashion, known as deflation. Once the implant shell develops a hole or tear, the saline fluid comes rushing out and the breast goes partially or completely flat. This is one of the few cosmetic ‘emergencies’ that exist from a patient’s perspective.
If this should happen, contact your plastic surgeon immediately. Arrangements should be made to have replacement surgery within a few days. In my Indianapolis plastic surgery practice, we make every effort to get a patient’s deflated implant replaced no later than the next day if possible. If you have a copy of your implant size and serial numbers that is very helpful to get an exact size replacement. In the past ten years, most plastic surgeons provide a plastic card to the patient after surgery that has the lot and serial numbers from the manufacturer. This information is also very useful to find out what your warranty replacement is from the manufacturer, if the implants are not too old. (greater than 10 years)
The good news is that the breast implant replacement surgery is nothing like the original surgery. The pocket has already been made so the surgery is simpler and is comparatively painless from the initial breast augmentation surgery.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Q: I had breast implants done about 8 to 9 years ago and am looking to have them redone. Thr original size was 600cc implants. I am between D and DD cup size I think…but it depends on the bra. I want them increased but not sure if that is something you do? I know I would like to be DDD cup. I am a body builder as a hobby. I think it would balance my shape better.
A: Breast implant size is a personal choice and no one can really say what size someone should or should not be. Breast implants of 600cc size can be big or not so big depending upon whose chest they are on. For a small person this could be fairly large, for a bigger and broader-chested woman this may only be average looking in size. Most women are interested in having breasts that are in proportion to the size of their body but a few women want more than that.
Within reason, just about any breast implant size can be put in any patient. Whether that final size is in or out of proportion, or what someone really desires, is up to the patient to judge. In my Indianapolis plastic surgery practice, I try and accomodate a woman’s breast implant size desires. That being said, women should know that there are potential long-term consequences for having large breast implants. (i.e., extreme breast augmentation) Over time, the weight and size of the implant may cause tissues to stretch out and a ‘bottoming out’ of the implant may occur as the implant falls on the chest wall. This is known as loss of tissue support. This is why as a general rule it is wise to keep the base width size of the implant within the natural breast base width. Also remember, it is easy to go up in size without significant scar consequences. Should one day the desire arises to go smaller, there will be significant breast scars to remove and tighten the loose skin that the implant has created.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Q : I would like perky and fuller breasts. I have had three children and my breasts have just lost everything. They are so saggy and droopy they are disgusting. I am so embarrassed about them I won’t even let my husband see them. My right breast is also different than the left. It is bigger and more saggy and the nipple is much bigger. I know I want implants but I think I may some sort of lift too. Can you tell me how bad the scars will be?
A: The need for a lift with the use of breast implants can be determined by one simple anatomic measurement…where does the nipple sit relative to the lower breast fold. (inframammary crease) If the nipple is above this level, an implant alone will give the breast a good shape with the nipple reasonably centered on the new larger mound. If the nipple sits at or below the fold, then an implant will make the breast bigger but the nipple will be on the ‘southside’ of the mound. (i.e., pointing downward)
There are essentially four types of breast lifts based on how much the nipple needs to move upward. They are with their resultant scars; type 1 superior nipple lift (scar on top part of nipple), type 2 circumareolar lift (scar 360 degrees around the nipple), type 3 vertical breast lift (scar around the nipple and vertically down to the fold) and type 4 full breast lift. (around the nipple and vertically down into the fold and then horizontally along the fold, an anchor scar pattern)
In general, breast lift scars usually turn out pretty well. The scars around the nipple and along the inframammary fold do the best. If a vertical breast scar is needed between the nipple and the fold, this is the one that has the most potential to widen due to the constant pulling by the weight of the breast against the scar. Most breast lift scars revisions involve that scar if needed.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Q : Dr. Eppley, I have had silicone gel implants for 31 years and am still very pleased with them. I am presently 65 years old and in good health. I regularly had mammograms every two years until five years ago. At that time, the place where got my mammograms asked me to sign a disclosure form stating that I would not hold the clinic or technicians responsible if one or both of my implants as a result of the test. This was alarming to me and I walked away without the mammogram and have not had one since!
I realize that foregoing mammograms is foolish. My doctor encourages me to have it done even though I have shared my fear. Is there a better way to examine the breast with silicone implants other than a mammogram? My breasts are small and when the paddle compresses them, it does feel like the implants could burst especially since they are such old implants. How do we know that the bag that encloses the silicone will not leak or burst? I’ve also had an ultrasound but they said that is not a good substitute and will not detect cancer cells.
Dr. Eppley, if you have any suggestions or answers to these concerns, I would certainly appreciate hearing from you.
A: Your fears about rupture of breast implants with mammograms is understandable, particularly in light of their age. While today’s breast implants have improved shells (the bag containing the implant filler) that are known to be resistant to the compressive forces of mammograms, the physical characteristics of implants thirty years ago are undoubtably less so.
I have seen breast implants of this age before on removal and most of them are either ruptured or no longer have any identifiable shell remaining. (meaning it has completely disintegrated)At thirty-one years of age, it is very likely that your breast implants are already ruptured or the shell is no longer intact. Even in asymptomatic, capsular contracture-free breasts, old breast implants will often, if not usually, not be intact.
That being said, I think your concern about breast implant rupture should not outweigh the potential benefits of mammography. Mammograms are still the simplest and most cost-effective screening tool that exists for breast cancer detection. An MRI of the breast can be done but it is more sensitive to look at whether breast implant rupture exists than to detect breast cancer.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Q: I am interested in breast implants. After I lost all my weight (was originally 198 lbs), I have a muscular body but I have NO BREASTS!!! When I was heavy, my cup size was 40D. Now I wear 32B and you can see my ribs all the way down to my stomach. I workout every other day to stay in shape.
A: One of the few negative side effects of weight loss, like pregnancy, is the loss of breast tissue and volume. The more weight that is lost, the more breast volume that disappears. This is particularly seen after bariatric surgery where the weight loss may be 100 lbs or more. Many such women end up with no breast tissue at all and just two hanging empty skin envelopes.
Breast implants will definitely provide a return of volume but the key question is how much loose skin remains. If the amount of loose skin is only moderate and the nipple position remains at or above the lower breast fold, then an implant alone will be adequate. If, however, the amount of loose and hanging skin is more significant and the nipple is below the lower breast fold or pointing downward, then a breast lift may be needed as well as a breast implant.
Breast augmentation in some weight loss patients presents challenges to the plastic surgeon than one does not usually have in the typical small-breasted female. How much loose skin exists, and the key issue of current nipple position, can turn what appears to be a simple breast implant procedure into a more complex breast implant and lift procedure.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Q : I am interested in getting breast implants. I have been saving for years and am so excited to be close to actually getting it done. One worry I have is about the time to recover. I can’t be out of work too long. I have read from some doctor’s advertisements that it can be done with no recovery whatsoever. Is that true? How can that be possible since it is surgery?
A: Breast augmentation is definitely real surgery. While it is a cosmetic operation, it does involve lifting up your main chest muscle (pectoralis) to insert the implant underneath it. Lifting up any muscle in the body is not pain-free and does involve some recovery.
There has been a general change amongst many plastic surgeons over the past decade about what to do after breast implant surgery. In the past, there was the belief that restricting any motion of the arms and chest muscles improves healing around the implant and helps control discomfort. There has been a 180 degree change in recovery philosophy with the recognition that the fastest way to recover from a ‘pulled muscle’ is to use it rather than restrict it.
As a result, contemporary recovery techniques after breast augmentation use an aggressive physical therapy approach. Early and frequent arm range of motion and a ‘get up and go’ approach is now used. Pain medications are either not used or restricted and one begins immediate use of non-narcotic anti-inflammatory medications. From a marketing standpoint, these have become known as ‘no recovery’, ‘rapid recovery’ or ‘easy aug’ breast augmentation methods. Suggesting that there is no recovery is a bit overstated but it is certainly much easier than it used to be.
It is certainly possible today to be sufficiently recovered after breast implants to be back at a non-physical job within a few days. A heavier labor position may take a one week or two to have sufficient recovery to work unrestricted and relatively pain-free.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Q: I am interested in getting breast implants. I am 34 years old, have had three children and my breasts are just not what they used to be. They are smaller and now droop. They are disgusting to look at and are nothing like they used to be when they were nice C cups and round. I want to get implants so my breasts can look like they did before. Is this possible?
A: The concept of looking like you did before is an understandable one but may not always be possible. The reason is that the breast skin and breast tissue you now have is different than what it used to be.
Women considering breast augmentation almost always fall into two main types; those who have always had little breast tissue whether they have ever been pregnant or not (type 1)…and those women who have lost their natural breasts and have developed droopy smaller breasts due to childbearing and nursing. (type 2) The results of placing a breast implant will be different for each type of patient. Type 1 patients will do fine with a breast implant alone and will often get the more ideal breast shape result. Type 2 patients may need a breast lift in addition to an implant to get a better shape with a good nipple position. It is this consideration of a lift and breast mound scarring that will often catch the Type 2 patient by surprise.
It is important to appreciate what a breast implant can and can not do. Implants do a superb job of making the breast mound bigger. But they have very little ‘lifting’ ability. The only lift effect that can occur is from inflation of the breast mound and this will move the nipple up a little. The operative word here is…a little. Significant movement upward of the nipple for most breast ptosis patients is a matter of at least several centimeters, not millimiters.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Breast implants are a very common plastic surgery procedure that has not waned in popularity despite the recession. While they are unparalleled in making an instant body change, they have also make news for other interesting and unfortunate reasons. In the past year, these are the noteworthy breast implant stories you may not have read.
This week a California woman was sentenced to six months in jail and required to pay monetary reimbursement for ‘stealing’ breast implants as well as other cosmetic surgery back in 2008. Under an assumed name, the 30 year-old woman used a credit line in someone else’s name to obtain $12,000 in plastic surgery which included breast implants and liposuction at a plastic surgery center in Huntingdon Beach California. She pleaded guilty to burglary, grand theft and identity theft for using another woman’s personal information to obtain the surgery. How did she get caught you may ask? Police tracked her down using the serial numbers from her old implants, which she had removed when the new ones were put in.
In a similar scenario, but much more tragic, you may remember the murder of model Jasmine Fiore last August in California. The Playboy model mysteriously disappeared and was later found mutilated. With missing teeth and fingertips, she was initially unable to be identified as was the intent of the murderer. She was later identified by something her assailant had overlooked…literally…the serial numbers on her breast implants.
Proving that many criminals are dumb, most implantable medical devices today have serial numbers for tracking purposes as an FDA requirement. Usually the benefit of them on breast implants is for replacement and warranty reasons, but they also serve nicely as a human identification method that is more precise than fingerprints or dental records.
On a happier note, it was reported that a silicone breast implant saved the life of a California woman who was shot in the chest. A woman working in a Beverly Hills dental office last July was struck by a bullet after one of the employee’s estranged husband entered the office and killed her with a handgun. On exiting, the gunman ran into another employee and shot her in the chest. Unlike her co-worker, she miraculously survived. According to the Los Angeles Times, one of her breast implants stopped the bullet and prevented any fragments from getting as far as her heart. A physician who took care of her at the hospital stated that the bullet fragments were just millimeters from her heart.
A forearms expert was later quoted as saying that the breast implant probably slowed down the bullet enough that it caused it to stop short of the heart. While its an appealing story, that is not likely. A silicone gel or saline breast implant would not slow any bullet fired at close range. Breast implants have the stopping power similar to that of Jell-O. More likely her sternum or ribs was the reason that the bullet was deterred from going any deeper. The intervening breast implant, however, is happy no doubt to take the credit.
Breast augmentation and the implants needed to do them have weaved their way into the mainstream of American society, sometimes in ways not exactly as intended.
Dr. Barry Eppley
While plastic surgery is comprised of hundreds of different procedures that are used to correct problems all over the body, they are all true medical operations and treatments. Yet some of the most popular cosmetic treatments have almost as much in common with a retail or commercial product as they do with being a medical procedure.
Botox as a non-surgical procedure and breast augmentation as a surgical operation have begun to acquire many retail product characteristics over the past decade. Both are highly marketed and promoted, so much so that few people in the world would not recognize what they are. From billboards to magazines, and endless exposure on the internet, the offering of services and the recruitment for paying customers is extensive. Some of these are from the commercial product suppliers on a national front and many others are from physicians on a local basis. Such enticements are right in line with what has also occurred in the pharmaceutical industry by the manufacturers for certain prescription medications.
Unlike most drugs, however, Botox and breast augmentation largely targets the fee-for-service customer. These are cosmetic services which are either paid for at the time the treatment is done (Botox) or some time in advance. (Breast Augmentation) With the allure of immediate cash payment comes the inevitable price war and the potential slide into a commodity service. Ads are a plenty for Botox at specific per unit prices and flat low-end fees for breast implant surgery. Dysport, the recent competitor to Botox, has offered incentives if you are unhappy with your Botox results. Breast implant manufacturers have lifelong replacement warranties and even $3500 cash for surgical costs should an implant need to be replaced in the first ten years after surgery.
But unlike most commodity services or pure retail products, these medical procedures do have other intrinsic values. It is obviously important to be able to receive these services with the lowest risk possible and be able to get the desired outcome. The intrinsic value is in the expertise and experience of whom is performing it. Lowest price for medical services is not always the best value. Price alone is not the best barometer to judge whom and where these services should be received.
Competition amongst cosmetic providers has fueled the reduction of services like Botox and breast augmentation into partial commodities. Prices amongst them in any community usually stays within a fairly narrow range as a result. Such competition is not necessarily bad. It keeps all providers sharp and makes sure that their prices, no matter how much intrinsic value they may have, stay within a reasonable range. Be wary, however, of really low prices that are different from the community average. There may be a good reason why they are priced that way and it is not usually for your benefit. You do not want inferior quality medical services when it comes to having something injected or implanted into your body.
Dr. Barry Eppley
When spring just around the corner, this is the time of year when many people start thinking about their body again. Warm weather and less clothing cause some women to think about their ‘curves’. Perhaps to the surprise of some, spring is the peak season when the greatest number of breast augmentation surgeries are done. This is a seasonal trend that is very unique to this type of cosmetic surgery.
When considering breast augmentation, most women today opt for silicone gel breast implants. Since they have become available again for human use in late 2006, they rapidly have become the preferred implant for many breast augmentations. Yet, despite FDA-approval, many patients understandably ask about their safety. Even if one was not old enough to even be aware of what transpired in the early 1990s with the previous generation of silicone breast implants, there remains some lingering concerns that are easy to find on the internet.
Since silicone gel breast implants are FDA-approved, and they would not be available if they were not, that speaks to their safety. But most do not know the extent of information that goes into that type of approval process. And because of their history, silicone gel breast implants have become the single most studied implantable device in the world. As a result, the most common questions that women may have about this type of breast implant has well known answers.
Can breast implants make me sick? In 1997, the Federal government (Department of Health and Human Services) appointed the National Academy of Science to study the likelihood of medical complications after breast implant surgery. After reviewing years of evidence and research concerning silicone gel-filled breast implants, they found that health problems such as connective tissue illnesses, cancer, and other diseases were no more common in women with breast implants than in women who had never had the surgery.
In the 1990s, thousands of women claimed that they had become ill from their implants. Some studies around that time suggested that these health symptoms of women with implants may improve when their implants are removed. We now know conclusively that this is not true. The relationship between autoimmune diseases and breast implants is coincidental…both largely occur in women between the ages of 20 to 50…but one does not lead to the other. The FDA has even gone so far as to conclude that there is link between fibromyalgia and breast implants either.
Will breast implants cause cancer? Reviews of research and medical studies on silicone breast implants show that breast cancer is no more common in women with silicone breast implants than in those without. In fact, for reasons different than one may think, women with breast implants actually have earlier breast cancer detection. This has nothing to do with the implant per se, it is a function of breast awareness. Women with breast implants are more likely to be ‘attuned’ to their breasts and how they feel.
Can I breast feed with breast implants? For the younger women, this is a frequent question. The issue is not whether one can physically do it, but will any harm come to the baby by doing so. The American Academy of Pediatrics concluded in 2001 that having silicone breast implants is not a contraindication to breastfeeding nor does it pose any health risks to the infant. Similarly, epidemiological investigations have not found any increased risk of health problems in children born to women with silicone breast implants.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Enhancing one’s bust size through breast implants today is easier than ever before!….That is certainly the marketing hype and there is a lot of truth to it. But to call the recovery after breast augmentation as….no recovery….or painless… as some advertisements suggest does not quite convey an accurate picture. All surgery induces some pain, swelling, and bruising. Breast augmentation is no different.
Breast augmentation is most commonly done today by placing the implant under your big chest muscle known as the pectoralis. (although there is a recent trend back to above the muscle for some plastic surgeons as silicone gel implants have become available again) By putting the breast implant under the muscle, it is stretched, bruised, and even some fibers are cut. This makes the muscle sore, swollen and difficult to stretch. This also makes the upper arm hard to lift up very far. In essence, breast augmentation makes the muscle stiff and sore. It is not the incision that causes any discomfort, it is the muscle.
While breast augmentation can not be completely pain and recovery free, rebounding from the surgery and getting back to normal activities definitely can be accelerated. This is made possible by doing something to the muscle after surgery…early and aggressive physical therapy. Breast augmentation physical therapy starts the night of surgery and consists of range of motion exercises of the arm. By early stretching of the arm in circles and by raising the arm from one’s side to the level of the shoulder and above, the pectoralis muscle is mobilized. Stretching helps loosen up the injured muscle fibers and prevent restrictive scar formation. The more you move, the quicker you will recover. Just like pulling a leg muscle, the earlier you begin to stretch and use it the quicker you will get over it.
This form of pectoralis physical therapy, combined with anti-inflammatory drugs such as Alleve and Ibuprofen, allows one to get moving very early. While swelling, a little bruising, and some pain can be expected, early physical therapy can lessen its effects to just a few days. Even in the worst-case scenario, one should have a significant recovery by one week after surgery.
One other helpful recovery aid I use in my Indianapolis plastic surgery practice is the ActiPatch anti-inflammtory device. This is a small battery-operated battery device that emits pulsed electromagnetic fields that penetrate the breast tissue and help reduce swelling and inflammation. I have started my patients wearing it for the first 36 hours after surgery. It is easy to wear it inside one’s bra as the loop fits over much of the breast mound.
Rapid recovery breast augmentation is a reality through a combination of early physical therapy, anyi-inflammatory medications, and the ActiPatch device. Significant recovery should now be a matter of days not weeks.
Dr. Barry Eppley
The recovery from our recent and ongoing recession has been speculated by numerous economic experts. The recent State of the Union address assures us that the worst is over and better days are ahead. Quite frankly, I take solace in any of the above pontifications about as much as I trust giving the government 1.5 trillion dollars in an ill-conceived overhaul of our health care system.
A recent manufacturer survery that I read has indicated that the number of cosmetic procedures were up during the fourth quarter of 2009 since the downturn in the economy began in mid-2007. Manufacturers of Botox, injectable fillers, and lasers have reported that their sales increased in the fourth quarter of 2009 for the first time in years, up anywhere from 2% to 8% depending upon the product.
Are these survery results a sign that the economy is really improving? Luxury and discretionary spending are often viewed as a sign of renewed consumer confidence. But I would take these apparent positive signs with a grain of salt. These numbers are likely up for a different reason.
As the most expensive plastic surgery offering…operations…are being temporarily (and maybe permanently) shelved by some, patients and cosmetic doctors are turning their attention to lower-priced treatments. One may have to pass on that facelift or eyelid tuck, but Botox and fuller lips remain within the budget. Consumers appear to be still trying to hold on to their cash in these troubling economic times, but haven’t given up completely on some more economical forms of feeling and looking better.
A better yardstick of economic recovery as viewed from a plastic surgery perspective is in the number of breast implants being sold. Larger amounts of discretionary spending are a better indicator of how people are really feeling about the economy. When these elective medical device sales, which remain down in 2009, returns to more familiar territory of brisk double digit growth, we will have more than one reason to be optimistic.
The use of Botox and injectable sales as a gauge of economic recovery is just one way that numbers and statistics can be twisted to support one’s perceptions…and hopes. They are up because the bigger ticket items that often come with them are done. This is like saying the economy is improving because Starbucks coffee sales are up… while customers frequenting Ruth Chris’s is down.
While the government may be hinging optimistic forecasts on upswings in graphs and charts, I will look for more familiar enlargements in different indicators before feeling better about where the economy is headed.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Breast Augmentation continues to be one of the most sought after of all cosmetic procedures. While the idea of making a breast larger is conceptually simple, there are several choices that women have to make. What type of implant (saline vs. silicone), what size implant, what amount of implant projection, and whether to have it placed above or below the muscle are the major decisions. Women are also interested in knowing what the experience was like afterwards. Dr. Eppley discusses breast augmentation in this Doc Chat radio show and interviews several women about their experiences and feelings about having been through the procedure. Listen to this show to hear what actual patients have to say about their breast implants and what the process was like for them!