Your Questions

Q: Dr. Eppley, For my sliding genioplasty post concerns am I correct in understanding that the best options  for me are (1) a submental chin tuck with ePTFE implants or (2) total reversal of the genioplasty and placement of a new implant? Would one or the other yield better results? 

Do you have any before/after photos of option 1?

A: When you are in a complicated chin situation like yours, there really is no absolute best operative choice. It is more of a question of how much risk does one want to take for what level of aesthetic benefit. Meaning the submental approach is a lesser operation with an associated modest amount of improvement. Conversely completely reversing the sliding genioplasty with concurrent implant placement offers the most aesthetic benefits but is the bigger operation. It is all about what the patient desires. In short you can’t do a minimal operation and get more than a minimal result. Bigger operations almost always offer better results but is a bolder maneuver in a revisional patient.

What happens in other patients isn’t really going to help you decide. Just because another patient gets a certain result is no guarantee you will. In primary surgery patient pictures have more relevance because the starting point is more similar. But not in revisional surgery where each patient’s problems and anatomy are all different.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I read what you wrote about the bone on the chin. “The alveolar  bone is less thick than the lower cortical bone and is more prone to see deeper implant settling. This can look very dramatic and ominous in x-rays and there probably have been a handful of such chin implant cases where lower tooth sensitivity resulted.” 

I’m concerned because I’ve had an implant inserted 9 months ago and it’s currently sitting too high and I’m wondering if my recent lower teeth sensitivity has anything to do with the erosion. 

Photos attached shows the progression of the erosion and the most recent is the one on the far right. 

Thank you. 

A: That is not indicative of bone erosion. That is typical soft tissue settling from an implant result that can take up to a full year to fully see. If you want to see if these are any significant bony changes (which I doubt) you would need an x-ray to make that evaluation not an external facial picture.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I am a middle aged female with facial asymmetry that is worsening with aging. Left mid face flattening, left dropping nasal tip, uneven nostrils, split columella, weak chin and jaw. Interested in options. Facial implants vs orthognathic surgery? Rhinoplasty? Ideas for staged approach.

A: Thank you for your inquiry and sending all of your pictures. The one critical piece of information that is missing and critical in facial asymmetry assessment and treatment planning is a straight on frontal view non-smiling non-tilted face picture. That is the most important picture that I need. The other piece information that is very helpful for all facial asymmetry patients in their treatment planning is their list of the most important asymmetry facial feature they see to the least to try and fix.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I have two questions, one relating to the custom midface implant and one about the custom wraparound jaw implant. 

1. When I put my fingers in my nostrils and pull my nose forward, I really like the “tightening” effect of the area around my nose, and I presume the implant will permanently realize this effect. But I also like how the width of my nose significantly decreases, and the columella also lowers in the frontal view. Will a midface implant replicate the effect of pulling out the bottom part of the nose and the subsequent decrease in nose width as well as slight lowering of the columella relative to the nostrils, or will there just be an increase in the projection of the nose as a whole without any frontal changes (excluding the tightening effect)? 

2. When you do a custom jaw implant, is it possible to advance the labiomental fold through fat grafting within the same operation?

A: In answer to your questions:

1) In regards to a midface implant the answer is yes and no. With your manual maneuver you are externally pulling the nose forward. (traction) Conversely an implant works by an internal pushing effect. Those do not create exactly parallel effects on the overlying soft tissues. A midface implant will push the base of the nose forward (pyriform aperture) which will make the tissues feel tighter. But it will not cause nostril narrowing, lowering of the columella or an increase in nose tip projection. Those effects can be created but would require separate rhinoplasty procedures to simultaneously accomplish.

2) Fat grafting is the adjunctive technique need to reduce the depth of the labiomental sulcus whether it is an isolated chin implant, sliding geniopasty or a custom jawline implant.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, Since our last email, I have definitely been thinking about the custom jawline implant, swaying back and forth and honestly, I would like to have the implant, I believe it will give me a great result.  Like any patient, I am nervous particularly of the outcome of how it will look and just having a foreign body inside me for the rest of my life .Below are various questions:  

1.   When it comes to scarring, particularly on the submental region ,which is where it is the only small incision on the skin, is it possible for the scar to heal to a point where it is undetectable?

2. Is the sensation from the surgery of getting an implant comparable (incisions aside) to getting filler in the jaw and chin?

3.  How exactly do the screws get secured? ( I thought you screwed it in, but I read somewhere that it does it itself?)

4.  With your knowledge and experience, what are some questions that you think I should be asking but am not? 

5. You also mentioned that idea of a neck liposuction to increase the profile of the jawline implant, is a neck lift a possibility too? ( I read that one surgeon “performed a special muscle tuck under the chin with 3D telescopes to achieve a better result than with just normal liposuction. This procedure is done with a small incision under the chin and does not involve incisions around the ears.” Do you use special procedures like this?

6. Is the implant a mold placed over (i.e encircling) the bone or just on top (or along) the bonet? 

7. Post-op, how long do I have to be NPO? Or would I only be on a liquid diet?

8. Would you agree that given the thickness of my skin, I run a lower risk of having an “overdone” look?

9. When you make your imaging/models, do you take into account other facial features such as nose and cheeks? (I ask as I wonder about those who decide to get other procedures later i.e like a cheek implant or rhinoplasty). 

10. Also do you have any thoughts about my jowls?  Would any of these procedures (i.e implant, neck liposuction etc) have any positive effect on that? 

Thank you!

A: In answer to your custom jawline implant questions:

1) Scars can heal to be minimally detectable but there is no such outcome as invisible scarring.

2) There is no comparison to the feeling afterwards from injections to that of more extensive implant surgery. It is very different.

3) I always use screws for implant fixation.

4) You are asking all the right questions.

5) You are referring to a submentoplasty which is a step up from liposuction of the neck. This is a procedure that is done under direct vision through the same submental skin incision as the implant is introduced. Any mention of the use of ‘3D telescopes’ to perform it is a marketing ploy.

6) How the implant fits around the bone is as function of its design, which is not yet completely known. It fundamentally provides inferolateral bone coverage.

7) NPO is what you are 8 hours before surgery, this is not relevant after surgery.

8) The ‘overdone’ look is a function of the size and shape of the implant, not due to skin thickness.

9) Imaging is done to see what the patient wants, not what I want or what I think looks good. It is just a starting point for discussion ti fully reveal what type of change they seek.

10) The implant will definitely improve jowls, particularly the there is a vertical component to the design.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I had a sliding genioplasty six weeks ago in order to correct my microgenia. My main concern was that I always got a double chin when I put my head down slightly (I am not overweight), and the fact that I did not have a lot of definition in my chin/jaw line area (my chin and neck sort of blended together). My chin was advanced forward 7mm and down 4mm. The surgeon also moved my chin to the right 2mm and down 1mm to correct some asymmetry. I have healed nicely, except for some numbness in my gums under my lower 6 front teeth. I just am not happy with the results aesthetically. I think my chin looks too long/big and the procedure has changed my smile for the worse. My lower lip looks very flat and sunken in when I smile. It’s not as full as before. I also have some tightness and a scar at the incision site that I can feel with my tongue. I spoke to the surgeon about all of this, hoping he would say I was still swollen or that once the tightness inside my lower lip goes away that my smile would return to normal. He did say that the tightness would go away in about 6 months but that my smile would not change. He offered to do a revision or a complete reversal, or he said that I could consult another surgeon. He recommended that I not wait until 6 months (when the tightness goes away) and that I do the revision as soon as possible. He said that he could bring my chin up, but no more than 2mm because then my mentolabial fold would start to get too deep. Will that be enough to get my lip to roll back out again or should he (or another surgeon) reduce the horizontal projection as well? Or is there another option that I have not mentioned? I am not looking forward to doing another surgery and going through the recovery process again. I am afraid that I will have more nerve damage/numbness or that I will still be unhappy with the results. I wanted to know what you would advise that I do. What options do I have in order to bring my smile back to normal and to make my face look less masculine? Any help or advice would be appreciated. Thank you.

A:Thank you for your inquiry and sending your before and after surgery pictures. If I just looked at the pictures and knew nothing of your current postoperative concerns, I would say that not only was that the correct surgery for your anatomy but that the postoperative result was excellent and a major improvement. In other words everything was done ideally and the dimensional changes appropriate and certainly not overdone. I have looked and done many sliding genioplasties and that is a textbook example of a good aesthetic result.

That being said I have seen more than one female patient who has a similar story as yours. Very good results aesthetically but the patient simply can not adjust to their new look despite how good it may appears to others. This may seem strange to most surgeons but not to me as a sliding genioplasty falls into the category of facial reshaping surgery, which constitutes much of my practice and experience, which carries with it its own unique patient psychology to it. For some facial reshaping patients, no matter how much the preoperative plan made sense and looked good, they have a hard time adjusting to their new face. It looks overdone and just doesn’t ‘fit their face’. When you combine that with the many common postoperative symptoms from surgery that take a a lot of time to full resolve (stiffness, some numbness and smile alterations), the patient feels compelled to make a change. Whether this is some form of subtotal or complete reversal will vary with the patient and the facial procedure done. In theory and what I advise all of my patients is that no one should consider any change for at least 3 to 4 months after surgery until they are in more of the benefits phase where many of the early uncomfortable symptoms have improved and they have ‘worn the result for a awhile’. For some such patients they do develop more comfort with the result while others never do and proceed with a revisional surgery. I can not tell you which direction you may head if you wait…no one can. But all you can do, now or months later, is some degree of subtotal setback. As a general rule there is a reason you had the surgery so I always split the difference from where they started to where they are now dimensionally.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I am interested in learning more about shoulder augmentation. I am 24 year female old and the shape of my shoulders have always bothered me. I have pretty narrow shoulders and wide hips, which makes my hips look wider and I want to know what options there are for widening my shoulders in order to make them seem more proportionate to the rest of my body. I saw that the main options are deltoid implants and fat injections, and I am leaning towards implants as I don’t have much extra fat/am at a healthy weight and am nervous about how fat injections would look. I just want to just enhance the top of my deltoid/shoulder area. I will include a picture of one of my shoulders now (labeled “Current”) and one that I altered to be what I am hoping to achieve with implants/injections (labeled “Goal”). I understand this is a less common surgery in general and is more for men, however the narrowness of my shoulders has always been a huge insecurity of mine and I would love to know more about what you think is best and pricing information, if possible. Thank you so much and have a great rest of your day.

A: Thank you for your inquiry and sending your pictures. Looking at them side by side by side you have imaged a high deltoid augmentation of about 1 cm per side. What you are actually showing is a ‘derounding’ of your shoulders which, by definition, is shoulder widening but is more of a shoulder reshaping which seems appropriate for a female. You are correct in that I would have little confidence in fat injections injections in a long person with limited harvest sites. In the opposite end of the treatment spectrum is clavicle lengthening by bone grafting which, while effective, seems an over treatment for the degree of change that you seek. Thus deltoid implants would be a good choice given that it is more effective than fat grafting but less invasive with a more rapid recovery than clavicle lengthening.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, Could you clarify a few more things for me? I may look to move forward with a consultation soon.

1) is 8-10mm on the large side for an implant? I’ve heard over 7mm can look unnatural and this is my biggest concern. 

2) I notice the implant is significantly more affordable. Is there a reason the more expensive sliding genio should be considered in my case? Is it more reliable or natural looking?

3) are the chances of complications/shifting more with the implant? If the results are really almost identical, the implant sounds more appealing to me, but I have heard some people express regret in choosing an implant over the genioplasty.

4) can the implant fix the asymmetry?

A: In answer to your questions:

1) The amount of horizontal chin augmentation is based on what the patient needs/desires, there is no absolute right or wrong number. It is only too big or too small if it doesn’t come close to the imaging projections that the patient desires.

2) Patient choose sllding geniopalsty in general because they either absolutely don’t want an implant in the body or that the sliding genioplasty can make a dimensional change a chin implant can’t. (e.g., vertical shortening or significant vertical lengthening)

3) Regret in choosing between a chin implant or a sliding genioplasty comes from either some failure of the implant to achieve their aesthetic goal,  a complication failure to be fully informed of the differences between the two operations. (e.g., infection, asymmetry) There is always going to be some regret when one type of operation doesn’t work well and one has to replace it with a different type of operation. That doesn’t necessarily mean the operation is bad. The avoidance of regret comes from full knowledge of the pluses and minuses of all available operations, Then no matter what happens, good or bad, one is fully aware of the potential adverse outcomes.

4) Only a custom chin implant made from the patient’s 3D CT scan reliably address the bony asymmetry. Assume, until the outcome may demonstrate otherwise, that such asymmetry will persist with either the use of standard chin implants or a sliding genioplasty.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I’ve always been self conscious of my eyes, I think I have a mild ptosis and a somewhat negative canthal tilt. If I open my eyes all the way I look crazy, but everyone thinks I’m always high if I just let my eyes do their own thing. I was wondering if there was anything that could be done to make me look less high all the time, I feel like on top of eyes, a stronger brow bone would definitely help. Thanks so much for the help!

A: Thank you for your inquiry and sending your pictures. I would agree that you do have some upper eyelid ptosis which accounts for your ‘sleepy or ‘high’ appearance. An eye opening procedure (upper eyelid ptosis repair) with a lateral canthopexy to provide some canthal tilt improvement would be a good combination. While you may benefit by brow bone augmentation, such implant procedures cause a large amount of eyelid swelling which would be counterproductive to your ptosis repair. It would reasonable, however to do fat injections into the brows which causes none of that swelling. The end result may not be as magnanimous as implants but it does offer some very modest improvement.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, Hello dear doctor, I hope everything is all right . 

So, I attach an image taken from your instagram profile . This implant interests me greatly . 

I think it goes to modify the upper orbitals , lateral and inferior . 

Now I ask you, kindly if you could answer these questions . 

-What changes would they make in a male face ?. 

-They would increase the distance between the eyes ?. 

-They would eliminate scleral show ? 

-It is a good idea to insert these implants , before undergoing a cantoplasty and surgery to make the canthal positive ? ( I think it should facilitate the ‘ anchoring of the new eye cut to the ‘ bone and then to the orbital rims ). 

-You can mix it with the ‘ implant for the low and prominent brow ridge ?. 

– Where would this implant be inserted , eyelids or other area ? 

-Would there remain visible scars or risk of damage and therefore it is quite dangerous surgery , given the ‘ delicate area ? 

-The most ‘safe’ material in the eye area would be ? 

Thank you very much! 

A: In answer to your questions:

1) That was made for a male face. I have never yet seen a female request largely because there is a brow augmentation component.

2) It wouldn’t change the distance between the eyes.

3) It may improve scleral show.

4) If one was interested in changing their canthal tilt, such an implant should be done before any attempts at lateral canthoplasty or perform a lateral canthoplasty with it. (which is common)

5) The implants are inserted through a combination of upper and lower eyelid incisions, and possible with a small scalp incision to assist endoscopic dissection and brow bone implant placement.

6) This not a dangerous surgery nor does it create adverse scarring.

7) The most safe material near the eye is the one that is easiest to insert, secondarily modify and/or remove……solid silicone.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I had a question regarding a potential facial fracture I was hoping you could answer.

So back in January I took a couple falls after drinking a little too much. There wasn’t any terrible pain or obvious swelling, however I did have a lingering feeling in the mid face for several months. Additionally, I feel as if my face looks less symmetrical, although there is no obvious deformity.

I was wondering whether I could have fractured something in my face despite not having the obvious symptoms of a fracture? Additionally, would imaging show a theoretical fracture even if the incident  happened 7 months ago? This has been bothering me a while, and I’m unsure whether an imagine/exam would be able to confirm whether I had a break? Thanks for reading,

A: In answer to your facial fracture questions:

1) It would be very unlikely to have had almost any form of a facial fracture without some swelling/bruising or other physical evidence that it had occurred.

2) Even if some small fracture line had occurred, it would likely not he evident any longer in a typical x-ray. What may appear in a 3D CT however would be any evidence of an area of depression or abnormal shape that resulted from the fracture which would be most relevant in the midface where the thinnest bones on the face exist.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I’m a young student thinking of getting a genioplasty for my weak lower jaw. I’ve spoken to an orthodontist who recommended either a genioplasty, or more extensive lower jaw surgery. I’ve attached the diagnostic records from my orthodontist’s office. I’d welcome any recommendations for improving my appearance as I don’t have very good judgment with these sorts of things. For now, my priority is fixing my lack of chin projection such that my face looks more balanced/harmonious, as my chin and lower third seems disproportionately smaller than the rest of my face. I also have a few questions:

Would a genioplasty be appropriate for me? Could you provide a quote? When would be the earliest I could get the surgery? I have dislocation of my TMJ and some pain/fatigue of my TMJ– would this warrant jaw surgery with braces or would that not make much of a difference to my TMD? If I were to travel to Indianapolis for surgery, when should I plan to fly back home after the surgery? 

Thank you. I look forward to hearing from you.

A:Thank you for your inquiry and send your pictures and orthodontic records. In answer to your questions:

1) With a Class II malocclusion and TMJ symptoms a solid argument can be made for a functional procedure like the sagittal split lower jaw advancement. While there is no guarantee that it will cure your TMJ symptoms it at least offers the potential for improvement while a sliding genioplasty does not.

2) As a young patient that probably needs a 10 to 12mm horizontal advancement the sliding genioplasty is a good procedure. With a naturally more square chin there are not the typical concerns about creating a chin that is too narrow afterwards.

3) I advice attached a side view image of one potential type of chin projection change.(more or less can also be done)

4) My assistant will pass along the cost of the surgery to you on Monday..

5) You would return home either the next day or no later than 2 days after the surgery.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, Hey I really like the custom implants you have available. I’m looking for something to augment my jaw angles, and change my chin in three dimensions. I’m also looking to obtain high cheekbones that are prominent in terms of width and length along with some type of under eye support like an infraorbital extension. Now I don’t know if all of these are necessary to achieve the look I desire, it’s mainly to make my face more masculine and to achieve the hollow look. I currently have a few questions, if I were to decide to do my surgery with you the process of manufacturing these implants takes around three weeks from what I’ve read, now does the surgery take place during this time or is it scheduled for another time in the far future?

A: Thank you for your inquiry. To help you determine if custom cheek and jawline surgery can achieve your desired facial changes I would to see some pictures of your face for computer imaging purposes. From a logistical standpoint, custom facial implants are made from a 3D CT scan that the patient gets where they live. Once the scan is received it takes an average of 6 weeks to got through the design process and have them ready for surgery.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, Is it possible to look half ~ fully caucasian with a custom brow bone and nasal ( possibly chin ) implant and a blepharoplasty with the goal of making the eyes look as white as possible? My cheekbones are relatively high and wide and I have little to no facial recession.

A: Thank you for your inquiry try and sending your picture. I am not completely certain how one would define or judge what ‘half Caucasian’ as that is open to personal interpretation. But I think we have to realize that your facial canvas is Asian and that surgery may influence that to some degree but I have yet to see where a major change in facial appearance occurs no matter how the facial structure is changed. It is probably fair to say that you would end up somewhat less Asian but that should not be confused with being seen as partially Caucasian. The procedures you have mentioned would be the correct ones in that type of facial reshaping effort.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I would like to inquire about scar revision in chin implant revision problems. I’ve had multiple unsuccessful Medpor chin implant surgery from the intraoral incision. Now it’s almost a one-year postop, and I have scar contracture both mucosa and under the skin. 

Basically, the web banding inside the month feels very uncomfortable/stretching. The scar tissue (capsule) between the skin and the implant feels very thick, thus making the skin less pliable, which is especially evident when I make facial expressions. 

Though I know each surgery is invasive and creates scar — is there any way to revise the scarring issue? Is that possible to release the intraoral mucosa scar (sth like z-plasty/v-y closure), excise the capsule, and change for a sliding genioplasty (which eliminates the recurrence of thick capsule)? 

I’m a little confused, as I heard some surgeons said the new scar will always tighten after any surgery, and some surgeons said it’s not hard to revise the scar/excise the scar and make them feel comfortable. I would like to hear your opinion since you’re considered an expert in chin revision surgery. Will the scar revision surgery make things worse? Thanks, and I’m looking forward to hearing from you.

A: When you have scar contracture, tightness, fixed immobility and otherwise chronic discomfort, you are not going to improve the problem by shifting or rearranging the scarred tissues by any scar revision technique. The problem is lack of good tissue quality AND quantity. You have to add back new unscarred tissue into the chin implant revision surgery after release and/or excision of scar tissue. This is basic plastic surgery 101. Whether that is done by injectable fat grafting or the open placement of en bloc solid fat graft can be debated but the key is tissue recruitment. Every surgery does create scar tissue but it can also add new tissue as well.

Whether this should be done with the existing chin implant in place or removed and replaced with a sliding genioplasty depends on other factors not yet known to me.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I read your article “Plastic Surgery’s Did You Know? Fat Atrophy after Trauma”. I bit my lip quite hard a few months back and now have atrophy at that area. Does atrophy resolve itself without intervention, and if so, how long does this take? 

Please let me know, 

A: Once fat atrophy occurs the fat tissue is not going to regrow…the fat cells are lost. But time will  answer that question. But after six months if the lip indentation persists it can only be improved by fat grafting to replace what has been lost.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I’m wondering if you could be so kind as to help provide me with an opinion as to one aspect of my surgery.

My surgeon is proposing a standard Lefort 1 movement of my maxilla. However, I’m not convinced this will adequately address what I perceive as the deficiency in my midface (cheeks/nose).

Does you have a view on this and what the other options might be? I appreciate it may be difficult to say for certain based only on photographs

Thank you for your help. I’m just looking to get as much info as possible at this stage.

Kind regards,

A: As a general statement a LeFort I osteotomy moves the lower third of the midface that contains the alveolar bone and teeth. While there can be some midface aesthetic benefits with forward movement, they are going to be limited to the base of the nose and upper lip. How significant those effects would be depends on the amount of horizontal movement. But anything less than 5mms will have a negligible effect in that regard. In short most LeFort I osteotomies are done as a functional operation that corrects malocclusions. (minus bimaxillary osteotomies for sleep apnea) They can have some limited aesthetic benefits with significant anterior movements. But such benefits are a byproduct of the operation not its primary intent. Midface implants are more effective because they specifically target the desired areas of augmentation and are not dependent on where the underlying teeth are located.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I’m a huge fan of your work! I am considering two procedures and was hoping to learn more about their logistics, including price, transportation, and recovery. General advice on whether these surgeries are appropriate would also be greatly appreciated. 

First, I want to get a sliding genioplasty to increase both the vertical and frontal projection of my chin. Second, I want to get some form of enhancement to add lateral width and overall thickness to my cheekbones. I am intrigued by your “model cheek” implants with long emphasis on the zygomatic arch. However, I have some concerns with implants and was wondering if a zygomatic osteotomy could achieve similar results. I am looking for 5-6mm of augmentation on each side, which I anticipate will look harmonious with an increase in chin length from the genioplasty. I am also hoping the cheek augmentation will provide an upwards lifting effect on the tissue on my face. 

So, in conclusion, are these reasonable expectations/desires for surgery? 

A: Thank you for your inquiry, sending your pictures and detailing your concerns/objectives. In the spirit of an autologous facial augmentation approach, both the sliding genioplasty and zygomatic sandwich osteotomies (ZSO) are effective procedure for chin and cheek augmentation. The sliding genioplasty is well known and the only aesthetic question are the dimensions of change. (how much forward and how much done) The ZSO is the only autologous option to the extended cheek implant but it will not have the identical aesthetic effects as the bone can never be removed with the same magnitude in the same locations as the onlay augmentation provided by an implant.

The ZSO works by expanding out the posterior bone segment right behind an osteotomy line which is vertically cut through the main body of the zygoma. This allows the anterior arch/cheek to move outward. This adds lateral cheek width although the step off has to be managed for any more anterior cheek fullness. The traditional ZSO does not move out the posterior arch, which limits how much of the arch is seen as it moves posteriorly, but that can be moved out as well if the full arch effect is desired.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I had Sculptra injections to restore mid-facial volume and help correct nasolabial folds. The lower face/jaw was not supposed to be touched, heaviness in front of ear to chin under my cheek bone (if you can still see my cheek bones).  Attached is a front/right/left side photos of today.

A: Thank you for sending your before and after  facial pictures. What I would say is that in general the injected material did what it was supposed to do…fill out your face. But it is just too much of a good thing so to speak. You really have two options at this point:

1) Wait it out until the Sculptra eventually absorbs. It may take 12 to 15 months but it will eventually happen.

2) Through facelift incisions excise the thickened scar tissue over the undesired areas of the lateral face and jaw angles.

While options #1 is not very time efficient it is the non-invasive and will be effective. Option #2 while effective is invasive but is more time efficient.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I train boxing/mixed martial arts. Once a chin implant or sliding genioplasty was performed, would I need to stop boxing permanently? Would a punch to the face with gloves on possibly damage or dislodge an implant?

A; While I don’t think that would damage a healed sliding genioplasty, there is a low level of concern with that of the chin implant. (which is why they are screwed in) It is a common question I get but I have never yet heard of an actual chin implant being displaced by trauma. Like many things in life, there are risks in doing them and you just have to calculate whether the risk is worth it.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I am a transgender man with several body contouring questions: 

1) Would it be possible to reduce the female pevis area in such a way that it is similar to a male pelvis? (Iliac crest reduction, Q angle reduction, etc.) 

2) Is it possible to widen the shoulders at all? 

3) How effective is liposuction of the saddle area for those transitioning from female to male? I’m struggling to find results of this as those who receive liposuction to their hips don’t tend to go as far as I would be wanting (as far as possible) 

4) Have you had Female to Male patients in the past and if so, could you share some of the procedures they typically have to result in a full transformation as well as other procedures you would recommend? 

5) I have ptosis with both of my eyes and will be needed upper and lower belpharoplasty and I am wondering if it is possible to lower the eyebrows during this? I have two other family members who have had blepharoplasties, however, they both received brow lifts. Does this procedure naturally lower the eyebrows if you do not ask for a brow lift? 

6) How far can the width of the face be reduced? I would say I have very wide cheekbones though I think it may be my head in general as I also have a wide lower jaw. I understand there is jaw shaving for the lower part but what about the eye / under eye section of the face? 

Thank you so much for your time, I very much appreciate it.

A: Thank you for your inquiry. In answer to your body contouring questions:

1) The iliac crest bone can be reduced at its widest mid portion. It may also be possible (although I have not done it as no one has requested it) to reduce the anterior superior iliac spine which is what I think you are referring to when mentioning the Q angle.

2) Shoulders can be widened by three methods including deltoid muscle fat grafting, deltoid muscle implants and clavicular bone lengthening, each with their own advantages and disadvantages.

3) Saddle bag or outer/upper thigh liposuction is commonly done. But you are not likely to find a straight line result as that is not how it is commonly done in cis-females. (over correction) Whether you would be able to a achieve a straight line result with aggressive liposuction depends on the fat component of your saddle bag areas.

4) Regardless of the direction of the gender change every patient has different needs and different levels of effectiveness with various procedures. Each patient has to be assessed for what procedures would have the greatest value to their gender transitioning. In the face as well as the body computer imaging is very helpful in making these determinations.

5) An upper blepharoplasty will not lower the eyebrows. Actually there is no surgical procedures that can lower the eyebrows short of creating more forehead tissue through tissue expansion.

6) Facial width reduction is most commonly done by cheekbone osteotomies and lower jaw shaving/ostectomies.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, Do standard implants placed after genioplasty have a higher rate of infection/complications (such as erosion, shifting, or poor fit) compared to a standard implant placed on a non-augmented chin? Would a custom implant be preferential in my situation based upon these factors, or would it be more of a personal/aesthetic preference instead? In general, are custom implants less prone to shifting/erosion/infection than off the shelf implants in your experience?

Thanks for the help!

A: The value of custom facial implants (including custom chin implants) is in their ability to create a type of chin augmentation effect that otherwise would not be possible with standard implants. Because of the custom design process they may be less prone to intraoperative malpositioning because features can be built Into them are useful for placement in surgery. Otherwise they share all other similarities with standard implants.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I feel like I have a weak chin that makes my nose look out of proportion with my face. I was curious to know how i could fix this with a sliding genioplasty or with a chin implant. Also the amount of movement (if its sliding genioplasty) and the rough cost?

A: The key decision in whether a chin implant or a sliding genioplasty is preferred is based on the dimensional requirements needed for the desired chin augmentation effect and the patient’s emotional affinity for one vs the other. For men the key defining dimensional issue is often chin width. (and that is certainly true in your case as the horizontal need can be meet by both methods and you need no vertical lengthening) Does you want to keep the current chin width or make it wider or more square? Only a chin implant can make it wider/more square as a sliding genioplasty may even make it a bit more narrow.

As for the amount of horizontal augmentation that is determined by computer imaging as well as preoperative measurements which becomes most relevant when  a surgery date is planned.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I was wondering for the clavicle lengthening surgery does a patient need to have straight shoulders for this surgery to be possible? I notice clavicles are either straight or sloped. I was wondering if this effected anything and if it mattered. Thanks.

A: The shape of the clavicle does not matter as no clavicle is perfectly straight. All clavicles are s-shaped. The portion of the clavicle that is cut, bone grafted and plated, however, is straight.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I’m interested in a buttock reduction. I’ve always had large buttocks growing up and during bodybuilding squatting has attributed to that. I don’t work out anymore. If possible I’d like to have a much smaller and flat buttocks. I’ve read Vaser and skin removal is the process. However are there any dangers around the gluteus that would occur during this surgery as I know BBL surgeries have risk of fat embolism and if there’s muscle around my gluteus I assume this can not be removed?

Thank you 

A: Thank you for your inquiry and detailing your buttock reductions goals. You are correct in that reduction of buttock subcutaneous fat and a lower buttock skin tuck are the only surgical techniques that can be of benefit. Buttock or gluteus muscle is never removed. Buttock liposuction has no medical concerns unlike BBL surgery in which fat is injected under high pressure into the muscle. (which is not done anymore) Liposuction is the reverse, it is removing fat. Its only concern is of an aesthetic nature which applies to liposuction anywhere…the risk of contour irregularities which may be more prone on the buttocks with aggressive fat reduction. The skin removal/tuck certainly helps mitigate to some degree that aesthetic concern.

Whether buttock reduction may be effective for you depends on what your buttocks looks like and how much fat there is at the subcutaneous level.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I have a slightly recessed jaw and chin. I might get jaw surgery in the future but I can’t afford it right now. I was wondering 1. Are chin implants and genioplasty the only surgeries for chin you offer? 2. Could I get a genioplasty and then get jaw surgery in the future? 3. I have just discovered chin fillers, and was wondering if they could make your chin wider or do they only increase project? 

I could tell by comparing pictures and looking at other results online I would only need one syringe for a chin filler. What I am worried about is my chin looking too narrow after a filler, so I was wondering if they could increase width or do they only increase projection.

A: Thank you for your inquiry. In answer to your questions:

1) The available chin augmentation procedures include synthetic fillers, fat injections, implants and osteotomies. (sliding genioplasty)

2) A bony genioplasty deos not preclude jaw surgery in the future…although that depends on how much the chin is moved forward and how much the lower jaw needs to be moved later.

3) Injectable fillers can create any chin dimensional change…if you use enough filler volume. It is fair to say that both increased horizontal projection and chin width will likely require more than one syringe of filler.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I think I want thigh lift only whether it’s a mini thigh lift with some liposuction or full thigh lift. Please give me estimate price for both. Can’t wait to hear back from you. Thanks!

A: Thank you for your inquiry and sending your pictures. Thigh lifts in patients that look like you are very tough in my opinion in regards to the decision to trade into a scar given the amount of loose skin and skin quality that you have. Thigh lift scars in general do fairly poorly in most people because they are incisions closed under tension and are placed vertically which is perpendicular to the relaxed skin tension lines of the leg. (a recipe for poor scarring)

Like many types of extremity lifts (e.g., arm lifts, thighs lifts) the scarring does best in patients who have undergone large amounts of weight loss and the skin is very loose and stretched out. In people with much better skin quality who are not weight loss patients (you) the scarring will not be good as all. Thus I would be very cautious about considering this operation and I would certainly not dive right in. (full vertical thigh lifts) At best liposuction and a limited upper thigh lift would be the most you should consider. (and even that I cannot really endorse based on the pictures you have submitted)

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, I read an article you posted about ear surgery using metal inserts instead of rib grafts. Do you do this surgery? Please let me know. I am very interested in this surgery to bring my ears out about 5mm but I would rather not do a rib graft. Thank you!

A: Thank you for your inquiry. You are referring to a subtotal otoplasty reversal for over corrected ears. The key to the procedure is that the released cartilage must be held out by an interpositional piece. Initially I used a small bent metal plate. (which is the article to which you refer) That works fine but I have evolved to using tissue bank rib cartilage which I think works even better. No one wants to have their one rib harvested for the procedure.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, Hi, I saw that you design Custom Infraorbital Malar Implants. It said it helps get rid of sclera show, but is this implant also part of Infraorbital rim implants?. Like does this implant also help with hollow and poor undereye support while at the same time giving the high cheekbone look?. And can this implant be inserted at the same time of a custom jawline implant?. What would be the approximate range of cost of a infraorbital malar implant+ custom jawline implant?

A: As the name implies, a custom infraorbital-malar implant provides augmentation of the infraorbital rim in both vertical and horizontal dimensions as well as can extend out onto the cheekbone and back along the zygomatic arch. This unique implant design simultaneously treats both undereye hollows as well as gives a high cheekbone look. It is common to place both custom infraorbital-malar and custom jawline implants during the same surgery. Such a combination is a well known male masculinization procedure.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Q: Dr. Eppley, One month ago I had a chin implant (submental approach) and I’m thinking of having a buccal fat pad removal procedure done. Is there any risk an infection related to the fat pad removal procedure could infect the chin implant? Basically, could an infection from the buccal fat pad removal spread to the chin implant, resulting in me having to remove the implant?

A: Thank you for your inquiry. I see no association between a buccal fat pad space infection (should that occur…but have never seen it yet) and infecting an indwelling chin implant. The buccal fat space is in a completely different anatomic tissue plane than a chin implant. Thus an infection of one can not infect the other.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana