Your Questions
Your Questions
Q: Dr. Eppley, Hi! I had an underbite growing up. It was fixed by braces but still my lower jaw is still protruding. Dentally, I am edge on edge but skeletally and aesthetically, underbite. My cheeks are weak too. I am looking for other option aside from jaw surgery. Came across with your cheek maxillary implant, do you think it’d work for me?
A: You have correctly surmised that , as long as you can accept the edge-edge bite relationship, a custom midface mask implant is the correct surgery to improve the projection of the entire midface including the cheeks.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I’m wondering if you hasve any longer term follow up photos of patients after getting custom testicle implants. The only ones I can find are from the day of surgery, which shows a tight scrotum. I’m curious to see how the scrotum relaxes and the implants drop over time…what the end esthetic result is. Let me know if you can help me with this.
A: I can not. Since we don’t see any patients long-term back in the office for visual inspection (no patients are from here as they are from all over the world) I can not speak to the exact aesthetic outcomes of their long-term results.
I do encourage patients to begin the use of ball stretchers beginning 30 days after the surgery and it takes 3 to 4 months to see maximal stretch and relaxation. (e.g., just like breast implants) I have yet for a patient tell me that they have remained too high.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, After going through the amazingly detailed information on your website regarding the posterior temporalis muscle removal, I just had one question that was still in the back of my mind – does this surgery remove\disrupt any of the arteries\blood flow to that area of the head (like the superficial temporal artery or carotid artery)? Just wondering, as I’m not sure what the health effects of that type of disruption would be.
A: This surgery does not disrupt any arteries to the scalp. These arteries run above the temporal muscle fascia while the muscle removal is below it.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, My question is what’s the outcome of the differences between shaving the zygoma and the radical surgical method of cheekbone reductions? How much on average is each one? Do you have a before and after results/pictures of the shaving method being used on patients? Lastly, how invasive or risky is the other one like does it require screws and plates to keep the fractured zygoma in place or can it all be shaved to the back ends of the arch?
A: For cheek reduction shaving the zygoma is almost always a bad idea as that strips of all the soft tissue attachments, denudes the bone surface and prevents any soft tissue reattachments….i.e., cheek ptosis will assuredly result. And I assume you are referring to the zygomatic major part of the cheekbone and not the arch where no surgical access is possible as any shaving attempt is limited to the front end of the cheek bone only. Only cheekbone osteotomies can reduce the width of the entire cheekbone length with less risk of soft tissue cheek ptosis.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, Interested in correcting rhinoplasty surgery.
A: To do a proper assessment I would need some information about your prior rhinoplasty surgery:
1)When was it done?
2) How was it done? (open vs closed)
3) What do you not like about the result?
4) Need before and after pictures of your nose.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I was wondering your thoughts or if you were using verteporfin with the idea of helping treat and or reducing scaring and conserving hair in incisions made during surgical procedures. I know it’s a new treatment being used in some hair transplants clinics with what looks to be great results so I was curious on your opinion on the subject and if you think it’s something that would be beneficial. Thank you very much for your time.
A:Verteporfin, aka Visudyne, is anFDA approved injection as part of Photodynamic therapy for leaky blood vessels in ophthalmology. Its mechanism of action is cytotoxic to endothelial cells when activated by light in the presence of oxygen. Its off label use for scars, while more commonly done now, is being espoused as having a positive effect presumably through its antifibrinolytic action and inhibition of collagen cross-linking. I have no experience with it so I can not say if it has a positive effect or not. The evidence for its benefits is certainly anecdotal but that doesn’t mean it does not work.
Like all therapies being used that have uncertain benefits the real question becomes not its benefits but the risks of using it. If the benefits are uncertain (touted but not scientifically proven) and the risks are zero of any side effects than the only question to be debated with its use is economic. (how much does it cost) This explains the historic use of PRP, for example, and more currently TXA. But if there are adverse side effects in the face of questionable benefits then I would say don’t use it. When it comes to Verteporfin used as a direct injection into the incisional closure/scar I am not aware of any significant adverse effects. The unknown variables are dose and frequency of injections.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I have two different eyeball heights. I think that lowering the left eye to the right eye’s height would make for a better look. It creates a better FWHR ratio from the lowered eye height. It is pretty invasive but it is worth it.
A:Then you are referring to a left orbital decompression procedure in which the orbital floor is dropped anteriorly which will make the eye drop down a bit. Be aware of two things in regards to unilateral orbital decompression:
1) It is not completely predictable/controllable in terms of how much globe drop may occur., In words it is not 1:1 in terms of how much the bony floor is lowered vs how much the eyeball drops. You have to know that orbital decompression was developed in thyroid eye disease for extremely bulgy eyes in which both sides are treated similarly. When applied to aesthetic vertical orbital dystopia (VOD) it now becomes a unilateral procedure in which a very specific target I(e.g., 3mms of pupillary line discrepancy) is sought and by which the result can be very critically assessed. (the opposite desired eye position) In short this is really a ‘macro’ procedure being used for a ‘micro’ outcome….which means perfectly symmetric eye levels is nit likely be achoved. Better…yes, perfect….no.
2) As the eyeball is lowered the upper and lower eyelid positions do not change. Thus the relationship between the lid levels and the iris will change. (lower lashline moves up on iris closer to the pupil and the upper eyelid moves up on the iris away from the pupil. Unlike elevating the eyeball where lids can be adjusted upward as needed, when lower the eyeball there is not good way to adjust the eyelids downward.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley,I had a quick question regarding thigh implants under the quadriceps muscles. Due to them being placed inside the quads will it result in decreased muscle gain in the thighs or decreased strength long term?
A: In regards to thigh implants they are placed under the fascia but on top of the quadriceps msucle. (rectus femoris and lateralis) not under them. I am not aware that this causes any long term muscle injury, atrophy or weakness.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I have a few questions for you about temporal reduction surgery if that’s alright:
1) Are there any visible scars that result from the surgery? Would they be permanent?
2) Have any adverse events (especially health concerns) been reported from patients who got the temporal reduction surgery, and if so, what did they report?
A:1) The incision is placed behind the ear in the postauricular sulcus so there are no visible scars.
2) They have been no postoperative functional concerns of lower jaw motion, discomfort and limitations in chewing/eating.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, Are you able to provide information on the dimensions of the simulated custom facial implant used to generate these picture predictions? Is it possible to see the simulated implant overlaid on my skeletal structure (from CBCT scans)?
A: This picture imaging is done under the following concept:
‘The purpose of computer imaging is frequently misunderstood by patients. Computer imaging is done to help determine what the patient’s aesthetic goals are. It is a method of interactive visual communication between the patient and surgeon to help establish what their specific facial reshaping goals are. Your task is to evaluate this initial imaging and determine what you like and don’t like about it. Then I adjust the imaging to make it the way you eventually like it. This then establishes the aesthetic target from which the operation can be designed to try and come close to the target.
In answer to your specific question:
1) As you now can now see based on the imaging purpose description the imaging is not done with any specific implant dimensions in mind.
2) Only when the formal implant design process is initiated is the implant designing done on the 3D CT scan.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I’m very insecure about the loose skin hanging down my cheekbones under my temples. This problem started after cheekbone reduction surgery. The loose skin makes my face asymmetrical and seem wider than it is. Attached are photos showcasing my problem. The photos where I’m using my hands to lift the problem areas is the look I want to achieve. What are my options?
A:You have a not uncommon sequelae from cheekbone reduction surgery particularly if wide periosteal undermining and releases are done. The only option to treat it is a temporal browlift of which different techniques exist to do so but the most effective is the hairline method.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I hope this message finds you well. I am 28 years old. I have been diagnosed with brachycephaly, commonly known as flat head syndrome. I have done some research on my own as I am quite curious about why the back of my head appears flat. In high school, I experienced teasing from classmates due to this condition, which has affected my self-confidence.
I am reaching out to seek your guidance on the necessary steps to address brachycephaly and regain my self-confidence. Could you please provide information on the recommended course of action and any potential surgical interventions that might be beneficial in my case?
Thank you for your time and expertise. I look forward to your advice.
A:The only effective method for improving the shape of a flat back of the head is surgical in which a custom skull implant is placed. In some cases of brachycephaly this may be combined with reducing the prominences at the corners. (parietal-temporal skull reductions)
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I have a pretty round face. I was wondering what could be done to sharpen some of my features. Like my jawline.
My eyes look a bit droopy unless I raise my eyebrows. I was wondering if botox can lift my forehead enough to lift my eyelids a bit.
Also, my lip has always pulled to the right when I talk. I was wondering if Botox could relax that muscle pulling my lip.
A:The most effective strategy to deround a face and improve the shape of the jawline in your case is to lengthen the chin (vertical lengthening genioplasty) and cheek defatting. (buccal lipectomy/perioral liposuction) Your chin is too short for your mandibular plane angle.
For the eyelids forget about Botox. You have a significant amount of upper eyelid hooding (extra skin) for a young person. A simple blepharoplasty (skin removal) will solve that problem and result in at least a decade if not more of improvement.
Botox is the only option for a hyperactive facial muscle.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, Hello! I believe I have some facial asymmetry at my temporal lines at the sides of my head, as well as my jaw. I was wondering what advice you could give me as I am looking for ways to give my face a little more symmetry.
A: Like all facial asymmetries the best way to understand their basis is a 3D CT scan to know exactly how one side is skeletally different than the other as well as how to plan the surgical approach.
But looking at your temporal line asymmetry the question is whether the larger size needs to be reduced or the smaller side enlarged. That is a pure aesthetic choice.
As for the lower jaw that asymmetry is less obvious to me. Bit it should follow what is seen at the temporal lines…meaning the jaw should be bigger on the same side as that of the temporal lines. Similarly the question is should the bigger side be reduced or the same smaller sude enlarged. Unlike the bony temporal lines many patients with jaw asymmetry choose to just augment the entire jawline for an overall jaw enhancement.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I am interested if you can do a procedure with my head it’s squarish and I’ve done chin filler but my face still looks like a angry looking face and squareish,I’ve also been made fun of a lot for the size of my head ,and one side of my face is fatter than the other.
A:You are referring to two separate but related craniofacial shape concerns, your head and your face. With a wide full and vertically short face the best approach is a vertically lengthening bony genioplasty. Fillers are a waste of resources since you need at least 10mm lengthening to have a noticeable change. This is not an effect fillers could ever achieve. With a wide full and asymmetric face (you have total facial asymmetry as the left side is smaller than the right from top to bottom), provided the goal is to try and make the right side closer to that of the right, right cheek bone reduction and cheek defatting (buccal lipectomies) would be needed. (see attached imaging)
From a head standpoint desquaring the wider head requires temporal line reductions from front to back on both sides for a more narrow head shape.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, Asymmetrical eye area and jaw/mouth seems to go toward one side than centered.
A:Like most facial asymmetries they are usually complete, meaning the entire side of the face is affected if you look close enough from top to bottom. In a superior facial asymmetry, like yours, the eye is the most affected and visible asymmetry but other subtle changes exist involving the cheek, nose, mouth and jawline.
In facial asymmetry corrections it is just a question of how far or complete a correction one seeks. This also affected by yield…how much change can be done at what effort.
In facial asymmetries like yours most patients focus on the eye area has having the greatest benefit. In vertical orbital dystopia corrections it is important to remember that the eyeball is framed by the eyelids and overlying eyebrow so you can just up the eyeball alone without making framework adjustments as well.
The first step in the process is to get a 3D CT scan of your face to fully understand the extent of the bony asymmetries as well as this is the platform on which the orbital floor-rim-malar implant is designed.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley,I had a coronal brow lift years ago when that procedure was much more common. I was wondering if a coronal brow lift can be reversed. I know endoscopic brow lifts can be reversed, but I wasn’t sure about coronal brow lifts. I basically want the lower brow look that is poplar these days, I’ve seen people on the internet refer to the look as hunter eyes. I want to lower them to conceal the upper eyelid. Can this be done using standard reverse brow lift surgical techniques or using a drop down supra implant in the forehead area?
A: I don’t know how achievable getting the Hunter Eye look is in someone who has had a coronal browlift. It is so rare to ever run across a male who has had such a browlift procedure, not to mention one that is now seeking the very antithesis of that operation. However what I do know is four things: 1) it would certainly require a brow bone implant, 2) the coronal browlift incision/scar provides unlimited access to place such a brow bone implant and be able to get it low enough in position, 3) re-elevating the forehead flap will allows galeal releases to be done which would help reverse the browlifting effect and 4) the results of your browlift is not severe or overdone plus it has aged a bit. (aka lost some of its effect)
That being said, I don’t know of the exact result you have shown can be achieved but I do know the best way to try and do it and it is very intriguing to see how much of such an outcome can be done.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I have attached some pictures however the camera quality is poor. I have also added privacy features for privacy reasons as you can imagine this is a sensitive issue for me and I want to maintain as much privacy as possible. Despite the poor camera quality and how the pictures look overall, I am serious about doing the procedure.
The ideal outcome would be to improve overall head shape by doing a sagittal dip correction in addition to doing a forehead reduction and recontouring for the forehead area to appear more flat in appearance. I am also seeking to correct temporal bulges on the sides of my head and to correct occipital flattening/asymmetry.
Please let me know what the best option to achieve the outcome I am looking for, the possible cost, timeline for the procedure to be done and any other relevant information.
A: Thank you for sending all of your pictures. Based on the pictures and your description you are referring to a comprehensive 5 surface skull reshaping procedure which includes from front to back:
1) Forehead Reduction
2) Sagittal Dip Correction
3) Bilateral Temporal Reductions
4) Occipital-Parietal Augmentation
All of these skull reshaping procedures can be done at the same time. There are two options we need to consider which will affect the cost of the surgery…1) incisional access and 2) what type of implant material. The best way to all four procedures is through a coronal scalp incision and the only way such a forehead reduction can be done. This scar tradeoff may preclude the forehead reduction part of the procedure. All other procedures can be done through very small separate incisions where the scar tradeoff is not a major consideration. The implant materials could be either bone cement or custom skull implants. The former requires a coronal scalp incision to use while custom implants can be placed the previously mentionde small incision.
Thus I need to know what you want to do from an incisional standpoint as that will dictate what can be done and the cost to do it.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I’d like to know your opinion about my deep nasolabial folds, I’m 50 years old woman. Are paranasal implants better options for me?
A:You have type IV deep inverted nasolabial folds. They will be refractory to any method of augmentation whether that is done by direct injections or an underlying push from implants on the bone. Think of it as scarred V indentations in the soft tissue. The only improvement option, and a significant one, is excision. That will definitely level out the folds and is the only method by which deep inverted folds can be improved. That may sound radical but you already have a deep groove in the skin anyway so a fine line scar will not look any worse.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, Hello there! I am reaching out because I have a special case of a forehead reduction I did about a month ago and the results are not what I expected unfortunately. The hairline was lowered too low (3.7 almost 4cm in height) and the scar is straight not curved to make it seem more natural. I was just wondering if it’s possible to fix this by raising the hairline about 1-1.6cm? I don’t have much laxity on my forehead anymore 
my previous doctor removed a lot of skin.
A:Forehead reduction by frontal hairline advancement (aka forehead skin removal) is essentially an irreversible procedure. Once the skin is removed you can’t put it back. The only way to try and revere some of it is through the placement of a tissue expander where you may be able to gain 1 cm or so of forehead length back.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I’m looking into getting personalized Temporal Implants because of an issue with temporal hollowing that needs fixing. I’ve got a buzzcut, so it’s crucial to me that the incisions are kept really small. Could you let me know where the incisions are typically made and also give me an idea of the total cost for the procedure?
A:Before determining potential incision location and cost of the procedure I would need to know exactly what ‘personalized Temporal Implants’ means in terms of the surface area of coverage. What temporal area needs to be augmented?
But as a general statement such implants are usually placed from an incision in the sulcus of the back of the ear.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I am very interested in improving my butt size a lot and sliming my abdomen area/ love handles I am a relatively skinny 35 year old female and I’m ready to start living my best life what would be the procedure for something like this to get started? My concerns are with implants the results are there immediately but with fat grafting you only keep about 80% of what was injected and won’t see full final results for almost a year advice? My information may not be correct please correct me if I was misinformed.
A: One correction….fat grafting results are unpredictable and the maximum result is seen by 6 weeks after surgery. It may or may not become less later.
But the key question is whether fat grafting is even an option in someone who is ‘relatively skinny’. Do you even have enough fat to even get a short term result. That would depend on what your buttocks looks like now and what your buttock augmentation goals are. I would need to see pictures of both to make that determination.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, Would a lower buttock lift help remove some loose skin from the back of my upper thighs?
A: It will help a little of the loose thigh skin but only at the top near the infragluteal fold. But in general it is not a thigh lift procedure.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I had a mini lower facelift and wrap around jaw implant put in around 2021. Since then, I have struggled with jawline contour irregularities and a face that appears to be sagging more than it was pre-facelift. Interested in a consultation to identify what can be done.
A: While I don’t know what you looked like before this surgery what I do know is:
1) You have classic masseteric muscle dehiscence (see attached picture) in which there is no muscle coverage over the implant. This is primarily the result of the implant design in which it is usually prudent to not extend the implant beyond the posterior border of the jaw angles.
2) Mini facelifts in young patients without any real age-related tissue laxity often up with hypertrophic scarring around the ears…which you have. But putting the jawline implant in at the same time as the mini lift does not allow the more anterior tissues to be properly undermined and redraped posteriorly. (the implant blocks it) Thus the jaw ssgging that did not exist before the surgery. Jawline implants alone have a powerful effect on jowling and neck sagging and by themselves have a mini lift effect.
The solution is to trim the angle portion of the implant back to the muscle border, close the muscle over it and do a better mini-lift…all of which can be done through your existing facelift scars.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, ), i was a totally surprised with the common risks associated with skull implant surgery from an article I read, for example but not limited to
* bleeding in the brain! As far as I know cement bone material will be implanted between the scalp layer and the skull itself, so hoe this will may occur a bleeding in the brain.
* infection in the brain!
* swelling in the brain area!
* memory and speaking problems.
Actually these risks curb my decision to move forward with this surgery. So, may you please,doctor, explain these risks?
A: The article to which you refer was not written by me and I don’t know who the author was or their experience in aesthetic skull reshaping surgery. What I can say based on my extensive experience with this surgery is that none of the risks to which they refer are possible. This is EXTRACRANIAL surgery not intracranial surgery thus there are no risks of brain injury, infection or damage.
The risks associated with aesthetic skull augmentation are aesthetic in nature such as implant infection (not yet seen), implant asymmetry, edging and size and shape consideration iof the final outcome. There is also the risk of visible scarring from the incision used to place the implant.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, What is the difference between the terms Cranioplasty and Skull Reshaping?
A: Those terms are somewhat interchangeable as both refer to changing the skull shape. However the term ‘cranioplasty’ is an older surgical name and refers to the historic reconstruction of lost skull bones. The term ‘skull reshaping’ is a contemporary term which refers to aesthetic changes of the skull shape whether that is augmentation and reduction.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I would like to know if Botox could also be an option for temporal reduction, since it’s a muscle and I have already received injections to reduce the muscles in my jaw and it works very well. If that’s the case, I would start with Botox, which is less invasive, by getting injections from my surgeon near my home. thank you for your time.
A: Botox is a good place to start. Its effects are not the same as surgery, which produces a more dramatic head narrowing, but usually you will see some modest head width reduction.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, In 2018 I had a neck lift & chin implant. I have included a profile picture pre-surgery as well as a profile & frontal post surgery. Although I am pleased with the implant from the front… the profile angle, I do not like. I feel it is not positioned correctly as well as projecting too much. During the procedure in 2018 the doctor over liposuctioned the areas along my neck line and left dimples. In 2019 the same doctor transferred fat into those area to get rid of the dimpling. After having the neck lift my submandibular glands were more noticiable and cause my neck to look fuller since they were not addressed during the neck lift.
A: I would agree that the chin implant has provided too much projection. Without knowing exactly the implant material and its style and size I can not say exactly how to downsize it. I am not so sure that is positioned improperly but implant positioning is something i never guess at. A 3D CT scan will erase the ‘mystery’ of implant position on the bone as well as its shape and size. (provided it is silicone, Medpor can not be seen in a scan.
Correcting exposed submandibular glands after a facelift is usually best done by subtotal or total gland removal.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I had hairline lowering surgery three year ago. The doctor removed almost 1.5 inches and left me with an uneven scar as well as a significantly lowered forehead that is unnatural and disproportionate to my features. I have read and saw a comment from Dr. Eppley online that with the help of tissue expanders over the course of weeks/months, it could help stretch the skin and restore the length of the forehead. I would really like to discuss this with him as I want to restore the size of my forehead to it’s original state.
A: While I don’t know whaf your original forehead length was, even if it was an inch (25mms), no amount of tissue expansion is going to reverse that amount of forehead tissue removal. At best it may be half that amount.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
Q: Dr. Eppley, I am a 23 year old woman, who had a chin implant removed over a year ago. I had it removed because I didn´t like how big/wide it was. Both the implantation and removal went fine (both were done from under the chin) and I am now fully healed. However, my chin is not the same as before.
The main issue is that the chin itself feels (and looks) loose and like the tissues are no longer attached to the bone, but just rests on top of it. I also believe there is excess tissue now as I can sort of “fold” the fat in my chin by pinching it. At rest my chin looks slightly uneven with a bumpy texture and when I smile/talk, one side of the chin is pulled forward and the other down, which gives an uneven appearance.
I would like my chin to be firm again, but not much bigger as I like the size my chin is now.
I was wondering if it might be possible to put in a small medpor implant that is visibly insignificant to give the muscles and fat something to adhere to and at the same time removing the excess soft tissue.
Do you think that could be an option? And if not, what else (if anything) can be done? I can live with scarring under the chin as I already have a 4 cm scar there from the other surgeries.
Additionally, the two surgeries has left me with what appears to be loose skin under the chin. I was hoping that could be addressed at the same time as the chin itself.
Looking forward to hearing your thoughts!
A: When a chin implant is removed the chin almost never goes back to what it was before the implant was placed. Besides the created excess of the soft tissue chin pad the tissues have lost their ligamentous attachments so some degree of ptosis can occur.
A submental chin pad excision and tuck is the correct treatment. Whether a thin layer of Medpor or ePTFE for tissue adhesion can be debated but there is some theoretical merit to it.
Dr. Barry Eppley
World-Renowned Plastic Surgeon
