Your Questions
Your Questions
Q:I’m 20 years old and I had a direct brow lift a year ago and now i have very obvious and wide depressed scars over each brow. I started out getting Botox and liked the effects that it had on lifting my brows. My doctor then told me that if I had a direct browlift I would not have to get Botox again. I’d love to know if scar revision will help. I have attached some pictures for you to see the scars.
A: Your case is most unusual for two reasons. First, the need or indication for doing a direct browlift on someone who is 20 years old is hard to fathom. Short of some form of severe congenital brow ptosis, I could see no reason what that procedure was ever done on you. It was ill-conceived and inappropriate at your young age. If some form of a browlift had to be done, it certainly should have been an endoscopic technique to both limit the scars and keep them back in the hairline.
Your scars are exceptionally wide and I have never seen such direct browlift scar results. The good news is that they can be made much better through scar revision. They can be cut out and closed into a narrow fine line. While there will always be a scar along the upper eyebrow line, it will be much narrower.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q : I had a birthmark removed, and I went back to the plastic surgeon for him to cut out the remaining area he missed. He ended up cutting out more than he should have and left me a huge scar on my face, with dog ears at the ends. The scar is already twice the size it was, and I don’t want to cut the scar any bigger. Isn’t there any other way to get rid of dos ears on your face?
A: Dog ears, or redundant skin edges, are a common problem with elliptical or fusiform excisions. They appear as mounds of tissue at the end of the scar or may actually have visible overlapping skin edges. Their removal is fairly simple by performing a smaller elliptical excision around the dog ear or opening the incision and raising and trimming one of the skin edges.
Such dog ear treatments will always make the scar line longer to some degree. In a tummy tuck, for example, extending the scar line is not a big issue given the location and already long scar line which exists. On the face, however, every extra millimeter of scar is burdensome and keeping the scar line as small as possible is paramount.
Facial dog ear scar revisions can be kept limited by defatting of the bunched scar ends and a minimal extension of the scar line of just a few millimeters for excision of redundant skin. Careful technique can make this minimal scar extension of little consequence for the elimination of the dog ears.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I have two scars, one on each side of my head from previous surgery (about 1.25 inches by 0.25). I was wondering if it was possible to make them less noticeable?
A: While all lacerations and surgical incisions leave scars, scalp scars are unique in what makes them visible. That is the fact that they occur in skin that contains hair. Any loss of hair along an incision or scar in the scalp will result in a wide and visible scar. The same scar somewhere else on the body may not be as noticeable as there is only the color change in the skin that draws attention to it. Scalp hair follicles are frequently injured during incision and lacerations and sometimes even from the suturing and stapling that is done to close them. It is actually fairly uncommon to not have scalp hairs injured dueding handling.
Scalp scar revision is done by cutting out the non-hair bearing scar and bringing the edges of the scalp that contain hair together. The scar will end up better and less noticeable if the distance between the skin that contains hair ends up less wide. My Indianapolis plastic surgery experience is that most scalp scars can be made better but there are certain surgical manuevers that must be done to increase the chances of improvement.
Handling of the unscarred scalp is critical to not injure new hair follicles that will make up the edges of the scar closure. Scalp scars do not tolerate tension very well at all and the tissues must be elevated sufficently to allow for as tension-free closure as possible. In some cases,a straight line closure must be changed to an irregular one, such as a w-plasty pattern, to distribute the tension better and get ‘fingers of hair’ to interdigitate with each other.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I was wondering if a scar on my forehead can be improved by plastic surgery. Two years ago, I fell and had a deep cut into between my eyebrows. Even though it was stitched up in an emergency room, it has still left a very noticeable scar. Because of where it is located next to my eyebrow, it always looks like I am frowning even though I am not. I am only 29 and don’t want to look like I am scowling or have wrinkles at this age. Would scar revision be helpful?
A: Scars are particularly noticeable when they are in unnatural locations. Whle most people will eventually develop some vertical lines between their eyebrows due to excessive muscle activity (expression), that is not a ‘natural line’ for a younger person. Having seen such scars in this are before, they are noticeable because they are indented along the scar line. This creates a vertical groove which can certainly look like a deep glabellar furrow or wrinkle.
Unlike expression-induced glabellar furrows, Botox is not an answer because it is caused by injury and scar. The problem is in the skin and not the muscle. Most scars in this area can be significantly improved by surgical scar revision. By cutting out the old scar and closing the line in an irregular (running w-plasty) pattern, the scar will usually become much less noticeable. Not only in the scar line no longer completely straight but it will not indent and be smoother. This simple procedure can be done in the office under local anesthesia.
While scar revision is not a magic eraser, it can reduce its appearance to be much less noticeable.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I got the mole on my nasal bridge removed by elliptical excesion. The wound got infected (pus). The stitches were removed after five days of operation. Because the pus was still there the wound opened up. Now 15 days after the removal of stitches, I am left with 1mm deep large hole in place of mole, which is still pink. Please suggest a remedy, My doctor says I should wait for three months, If the scar remaining is too big then I can go for another sugery. I dont want to wait for so long, as it is effecting my life . Please suggest something.
A: The strategy that your surgeon has suggested in this right one. It is better to let the wound heal and contract down in size. It is possible that it may heal to the point where you will find the scar acceptable. Most likely, however, this will not occur as the nose is one of the most unforgiving places to scar on the entire face. By letting it heal, the scar (like the original mole) can be excised again later. By this approach the size of the defect will be smaller and the tissue quality will be much better for handling and holding sutures. While this is certainly distressing to allow this process to evolve on a prominent area of your face, it is the wisest and will result in the best scar result long-term.
Q: I had a facelift last year but am unhappy with some ‘dogears’ in my scar under my chin. Can this be improved by extending the scar?
A: Most full or more complete facelifts involve an incision under the chin. (submental incision) This is done to access the central neck area for fat removal and neck muscle tightening. Usually this is a very small incision and does not involve the removal of skin. It is simply a point of access. It is closed and there is very rarely any scar issues with it. Dog ears, a redundancy or bunching of skin at the ends of a scar, do not usually occur with this submental incision as no skin is removed. In short, this inicision is not there to do some sort of ‘neck tuck-up’.
There is a neck procedure done known as a submental tuck-up which is done for chin ptosis or sagging. But this is not done to create a neck lift. That is a fundamentally flawed approach as the neck can not really be lifted by this limited incision. To do so would require a much longer incision which would usually be cosmetically unacceptable. I have seen a few patients over the years who have had this type of procedure done elsewhere and the results have not been good for this very reason. You can not lift and remove enough neck skin with a cosmetically acceptable submental incision.
If you have dogears in your submental scar, I am wondering if this might be the operation that you had. The dogears can be removed but it will require extending the scar length as you have surmised.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I was just wondering if Dr. Eppley could do scar revision on old keloid acne scars. I went to a Dermatologist over 7 years ago and he told me that plastic surgeons could remove the scars with great success. I am very self conscious and I love to swim, but I haven’t really done it because I know people are staring and want to know why I have these ugly scars. I wish I could tell them to mind their own business but obviously I can’t. I have them on my shoulders, top of my biceps, and a couple on my chest area. I was just wondering if you had done this kind of surgery before and what was the outcome from the surgery?
A: The success of scar revision is measured by how much the scar appearance is improved. Improvement in problematic pathologioc scars as you decribe is ultimately measured by whether hypertrophy or keloiding reappears. There is no question that scar revision is successful early because the previous scar is cut out and temporarily eliminated, trading off a thick raised scar for a more narrow scar line. But what does the scar look like three or six months later?
How successful scar revision is depends on many factors, including skin type, anatomic location of the scar, and what caused the scar. Hypertrophic or keloid scars in thicker skin with darker pigmentation over stretch out areas such as the sternum and shoulders can be very difficult scar problems with a high rate of recurrence. They remain a plastic surgery problem where a better understanding of the science of scar formation is needed before more effective treatments are developed.
Until that day arrives, we must consider traditional scar excision and see what happens. I would recommend to do just one of the scars and see what happens, using it as a ‘test’. Based on that outcome one can determine if the other scars are worth the surgical effort.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I am writing to you because I have a very troublesome scar on one of my cheeks. The scar has been there for a long time since I was 5 years old. At that time I had some type of cyst removed which left a bad scar. It has bothered me for over 20 years and has very negatively affected how I see myself. I have tried the best that laser resurfacing (Fraxel) has to offer as well as Botox and filler injections, all with no visible improvement. I have paid good money for these treatments and I was really disappointed to see that they did not make a difference. What do you recommend?
A: Your question has me at a disadvantage as I can not see your facial scar. Having seen and operated on children for facial nevi and other tumors, however, it is like that your scar is plagued by multiple adverse scar factors including being wide, is deeper or more depressed than the surrounding skin, and is positioned over a prominent facial area. I can say that with some confidence because you were still young when the scar occurred and your face has grown much since that time. Facial growth always causes scars to stretch and be thinner than the surrounding skin.
The only hope of any improvement is actual scar excision. Cutting all or part of the scar out and then re-closing it can narrow it. Often this takes two stages to get the scar narrowed as much as possible. Thereafter laser resurfacing may be beneficial but may not be needed at all. When one considers serial scar revision, including healing and scar fading time, this is a process that easily can take a year or longer to get to where you want to be. A patient must be prepared to make such a time commitment. You are still young so such lengthy efforts will still have a long lifetime of benefits.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis, Indiana
Q: I was in a car accident several years ago and had some bad lacerations to my face. While they were sutured up by a plastic surgeon thaty same day, they have turned into some bad-looking scars. I would really like them to look a lot better. I know they can not be made to go completely away but do you think laser surgery would help? Thanks for your time.
A: The use of lasers in scar revision is useful but largely over rated. Lasers are not a magic tool for erasing scars or other skin imperfections. The public’s perception of that highly desirous quality is a function of adventurous marketing and the ‘Star Wars’ effect which still persists even today.
Most scars are a full-thickness skin injury, meaning what you see on the outside exists the whole way through the skin. Lasers are a partial-thickness skin removing tool. As a result, it is easy to see why a laser can not remove a scar. The problem and the solution are not well-matched.
Lasers have a role is scar revision but it is more for creating a smoothing effect and often is used after other scar treatments are done. The most common scar treatment is surgical excision, cutting out the scar (full-thickness) and making the scar line thinner or changing the way the scar line runs.
Because of their more superficial effect, lasers are better at removing or lessening wrinkles and other more minor skin imperfections.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis Indiana
Q: I have several old scars on my legs that really bother me. I had laser done on my scars over a year ago in a plastic surgeon’s office but I don’t see any improvement. How can I get rid of my scars?
A: When discussing possible scar treatments, one concept that needs to be eliminated from any patient’s vocabulary is the phrase, ‘getting rid of scars.’ A scar represents permanent damage to the skin layer that once had normal tissue (with good color and suppleness) replaced by abnormal tissue. (depigmented, less pliable) Therefore, the realistic goal is scar reduction not scar elimination. This is why the term ‘scar revision’ is fairly accurate, the scar may be improved but it is not completely eliminated.
While scars on the face represent the best opportunity for maximal scar reduction, scars below the neck are not so forgiving. This is because trunk and extremity skin is thicker (thicker dermis creates more scar) and the healing wounds are exposed to more shear and frictional stresses which work to stretch out the scar. Therefore, non-face scars never (and I emphasize never) can look as good as facial scar work no matter how it is done or by whom.
Leg scars represent the least successful area for scar revision on the body in my Indianapolis plastic surgery experience. They are particularly refractory to any significant improvement for the reasons stated above, particularly below the knee. The thickness and tightness of the skin in this area makes scar revision work difficult.
Lasers are often touted and perceived as having some magical properties for scar improvement. While lasers do have a role in scar treatments, it is not a dominant one. They are best used as a finishing treatment for some minor skin resurfacing or retexturing. They are not like an eraser tool on Photoshop.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Indianapolis Indiana
Q: Can facial implants help to fill in a cheek region, where collagen injections have been beneficial? I have a large depressed scar from dermabrasion and laser treatments on an acne scarred region of my face. I would be glad to email pictures of the region to assist in the answer.
A: Facial implants work by pushing out from the underlying bone on the overlying soft tissue. This how they create more highlights or volume to specific facial bony prominences. While a facial implant can be placed anywhere on the facial bones, they work best on convex or flat surfaces such as the chin, cheeks, and jaw angles.
The treatment of most depressed scars would be either some form of surgical scar revision (cut out and re-closure) or skin resurfacing. In some select cases, such as yours, actually filling in the underlying soft tissue helps flatten the outer appearance of the scarred area. Injectable fillers can work well for that type of depressed scar but they are not permanent and must be repeated.
You have correctly pointed a very uncommon but potentially beneficial approach to depressed cheek scars. Having proven that soft tissue expansion makes the scar look better, it is insightful to ask about whether a cheek implant can create the same effect. Since the cheek bone is convex, an implant will definitely push outward on the skin, helping flatten a depressed scar. I have done such an approach twice in my Indianapolis plastic surgery practice and it can work well as you have surmised.
The key to the successful use of an implant for a depressed cheek scar is two-fold. The acne or traumatic scars must be directly over the prominence of the cheekbone to get the most benefit from the underlying push of the implant. And you must consider the opposite cheek prominence as well from the perspective of balance. (one-sided or both sides for cheek augmentation)
Dr. Barry Eppley
Q: I had a car accident in February 2009 that resulted in the need for big operation on my stomach. This has left me with a long big scar. I want to know what percent of it can be removed? I want to remove this scar for me because don’t want to get naked in front of my husband or any person because of the scar. It is so bad that I cry a lot about it as I picture how good my stomach looked before the accident. I am 23 years old, been married two years and have no kids.
A: Scar revision is about scar reduction, not scar elimination. While I wish as a plastic surgeon I could wipe them away for patients, that is not currently possible. Therefore, the judgment about the merits of scar revision are about the degree of improvement. Is the result worthy of the efforts is the consistent question about scar revision.
The answer as to whether scar revision is meritorious for any patient lies in the physical characteristics of the particular scar. There are several features of scars that can be consistently improved by surgical methods. Scars that have surface texture problems such as being wide, raised (hypertrophic), or depressed (indented) are good candidates. These type scars can be cut out and reclosed in a variety of ways whose objective is to make them flatter and narrower. Scar features that are difficult or impossible to improve include lack of pigment (normal skin color) and visible flat narrow scars.
Without even seeing a picture of the scar on this patient, one can be fairly certain that it is a wide vertical scar running down the middle of her stomach area. Such scars often get quite wide and indented as they have healed. Scar reduction can most certainly be done with the goal of making a much narrower and flatter scar. While that will not make it invisible, it will provide at least a 50% or greater degree of improvement.
Dr. Barry Eppley
Q: I had cancer in the parotid gland and it was removed with a neck dissection which left a deep horrible scar from the back of my right ear to the middle of my neck. The scar is mostly flat except when it gets close to the adam’s apple where it gets really wide. The scar is 4 years old and is still tender. I really hate it and it takes away from my appearance. One doctor did injections which didn’t really help it.
A: While any scar can be cut out and reclosed by different methods (scar revision), the question is always whether it would be beneficial or not. There are four features of scars that only surgical treatment can improve. Scars that are wide, depressed, raised (hypertrophic or keloid) or contracted (painful and movement restrictive) are very likely to be improved by getting rid of the bad (complete scar) and replacing it by moving your own unscarred tissue in its place. This neck scar has several of those features including being years old which means it is mature and no further improvement in its appearance or feeling can be expected.
Tumor excision in the neck with removal of lymph nodes (neck dissection) will leave a long scar that traverses the neck from around the ear to across the adam’s apple in many cases. While most of the scar should lie in a very favorable horizontal skin crease, portions of the scar may not. It is these areas in particular that often end up as a wide and distorted scar. Many patients with this type of surgery have also had radiation which may be another reason why it resulted in poor scarring.
Much of this scar can simply be cut out and reclosed along the skin line which it currently lies. But near and around the adam’s apple, re-orientation of the scar through a z-plasty will relieve the tension on it and allow it to heal with less distortion and be closer to a fine line in width.
Dr. Barry Eppley