Archive for October, 2010

Urban Plastic Surgery Dictionary

Sunday, October 31st, 2010

The internet continues to redefine our existence on a daily basis. From how we shop for everything from clothes to cars, to how we shop for information, it now influences and controls our culture. Even our English language is being affected.

This is best reflected in the Urban Dictionary. This is a web-based dictionary of slang words and phrases. The definitions on the website are meant to be those of slang or subculture words, phrasing phenomena not found in standard dictionaries. Most words have multiple definitions, often quite different than you think. It contains over five million definitions and is expanding rapidly with an average of over 2,000 new submissions per day. While it has tremendous web traffic, most of its users are younger than 25. For this reason you may not have heard about it…but eventually you probably will.

When it comes to  ‘urban’ terminology, plastic surgery has many such terms. Used everyday with patients or in the operating room, these thinly veiled innuendos instantly describe the cosmetic problem. Let me share with you a few of the most common ones- some which you will know,  and others which you may find enlightening.

Elevens-  Not a number but a type of facial wrinkle. Popularized by the manufacturer of Botox in their advertisements, these vertical lines appear between the eyebrows when a person is scowling or frowning. Because they most commonly appear as paired lines, they are appropriately described as this number. The elevens are exactly what Botox injections were initially FDA-approved to treat.

Crow’s Feet – Long recognized as the wrinkles that radiate out from the corners of the eyes as we smile, a crow would probably be delighted to have its feet so described. Since wrinkles on our face always form perpendicular to the direction that the underlying muscles move, these naturally occur from eye squinting. Botox works well to reducing these also.

Dog Ears-  Having nothing to do with a dog’s ear or anyone’s ear for that matter, this is the bunching of skin at the tail end of a scar. They commonly appear when skin areas are ellipitically removed, like the shape of a football, and the closure results in a straight-line scar. From procedures such as tummy tucks and breast reductions, dog ears may develop at the ends of the scars. They are a frequent source of minor scar revision.

Turkeyneck - Who doesn’t recognized this one, particularly if you are middle-aged or older. It needs no description and it often drives the desire for a necklift procedure.

Saddlebags – An older, urban plastic surgery term that many women recognize. That fat collection at the side of the thighs that resists every form of diet and exercise, but which liposuction can treat so well. If only they were as simple to get rid off as pulling their historic corollary off a horse.

Parentheses - Not an English quotation mark but those classic lines that develop from the sides of the nose down past the sides of the mouth. They are one of the major places for the use of the very popular injectable fillers (such as Juvederm) to make them look less deep and obvious.

Muffin Tops - While a tasty and crunchy part of a muffin, eating enough of those will put them on your waistline. These are the classic fat rolls that stick out from the side and back of your pants…and which are nearly impossible to get rid of.  Liposuction machines love this part of the muffin, too.

Puff Daddy - Men won’t recognize this problem, but most women will. It is the fullness or puffiness of the pubic area just below the waistline. It can become evident after a tummy tuck when the waistline becomes narrower than what lies below. It can be an embarrassing bulge in pants that no slimwear can flatten.

If you recognize more than five of these terms, you can consider yourself to be both hip and plastic surgery savvy.  

 Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis, Indiana

Will A Buccal Lipectomy Help My Chubby Cheeks Look Less Full?

Thursday, October 28th, 2010

Q: I have a very square jaw with a lot of fullness towards the front which has always bothered me and made me self conscious.  I try to keep myself thin because any weight gain will make it even fuller.  I am currently 43 and it seems to be feeling fuller, where I always felt when I got older the baby fat would decrease.  My mother and father both had full faces with fairly square jaw lines as well.  I am hoping the buccal fat procedure and would help my profile and thin my face from the front and side…like when I bring in my cheeks by sucking them in…it seems to show the angles more rather than looking chubby.

A:  A square facial architecture is strongly influenced by the shape of the lower jaw and the cheek bones. To make a square face less full, the only area that can be changed is an inward movement of the submalar triangle facial zone. That is the area beneath the cheek bone done past the corner of the mouth in an inverted triangle shape. This is an area that is not supported by bone or muscle which is why you can suck it inward. Fat removal of this area is the only way to create some tapering in of this zone. The buccal fat pad occupies the upper region of the submalar triangle but not the area down by the mouth, known as the lower submalar triangle area. So a buccal lipectomy will help but needs another method of fat removal of the lower area also known as the perioral mounds. Microliposuction should be done from inside of the mouth to help this area in conjunction with the buccal lipectomies. The combination of both has the best chance to help achieve the look you are after.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

What Is The Best Way To Remove A Cyst From My Forehead Without A Prominent Scar Or Leaving an Indentation?

Wednesday, October 27th, 2010

Q: I have a cyst like lump right in between the eyebrow. In stead of cutting the cyst off with the knife vertical to the skin, is it possible to make a cut right underneath the frown lines and slice the lump off from the cut? Is it possible to transfer some fat to that area if the area is dented after the lump is sliced off?

A: Those are two very good insights into how to remove your forehead (glabellar) cyst while leaving the most aesthetic outcome. Using a close wrinkle or frown line would be preferable to making an incision directly over the cyst. That would make for a far better scar. Even if the scar turned out less than ideal, it is more favorable area in which to perform scar revision. It may also be possible to remove it by an endoscopic technique, although I would have to see pictures of it to be sure that is a possibility.

Also, placing a fat graft at the time of a facial cyst removal is almost a standard technique that I do since indentations may follow later due to a mass removal effect. An indentation may now appear initially, due to fluid fill of the cyst removal space, but will appear once that fluid is absorbed weeks to months after surgery. If the cyst is more than just the size of a pea, I would recommend that at the same time rather than waiting for it to appear later. It is just as simple to do it at the time of cyst excision.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

What Can Be Done To Get Rid Of My Double Chin?

Wednesday, October 27th, 2010

Q: I am 5’7″ and weigh 128 lbs. Even though I am relatively thin, I have always had a double chin for some reason. But I feel like it has gotten worse since I have given birth to two children and have gained over 40 lbs with each pregnancy.  I am interested in knowing what could be done and how much improvement I could expect. Getting rid of this double chin would help me feel more confident. Thank you so much for your time.

A: The cause of a  ‘double chin’ is a combination of three anatomic factors; neck fat, neck skin, and chin projection/prominence. Every double chin is made up of differing ratios of all three components. It is always about how much neck fat is there, how much extra neck skin there is, and how short one’s chin may be. While you didn’t state your age, that number also has an influence because it suggests how much neck skin you may have and, most importantly, how elastic it is.

Some double chins can be corrected by as simple a procedure as neck liposuction in someone who is young and with decent chin projection. On the flip side, an ‘older’ severe double chin may require everything including neck liposuction, chin augmentation, and some form of a necklift to help tighten the extra loose skin. Each patient must be assessed individually and a custom treatment plan devised as double chin correction is not a one size fits all procedure.

One surprising aspect to the ideal correction of double chin problems is that of the chin. Many people have short chins that are magnified by this problem. Lengthening the jawline with a chin implant while bringing the angle of the neck back (or making it more defined) is the classic ‘ying and yang’ approach which together makes a better result than either change alone.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Can Facial Implants And Wisdom Teeth Extraction Be Done At The Same Time?

Wednesday, October 27th, 2010

Q: I am interested in getting some facial implant work done and was wondering if I can have wisdom teeth extraction done at the same time? I want to get orbital rim implants with a possible midface lift. Is there any reason why these two can not be done together? Will one potentially cause problems with the other or is it better to have them done separately, like a decreased risk of infection?

A: I see no reason why these two facial bone procedures can not be done at the same time. It is quite common to do multiple hard and soft tissue procedures of the face together. The face is tremendously well vascularized and very resistant to infection. (I didn’t say impossible just very resistant) While such a combination (facial implants and 3rd molar extraction) is unusual, it is by no means contraindicated. The hardest part is not the operation, but finding someone who is well qualified to do both at the same time.

Orbital rim augmentation and a midface lift is done from the outside through a lower blepharoplasty incision. Wisdom tooth or 3rd molar extraction is done intraorally from inside the mouth.  The two areas are not anatomically contiguous and would not connect, thus ensuring no risk of oral bacterial contamination coming in contact with any implanted material. Because of this risk, the orbital/midface procedure is done first so cross-contamination from instruments does not cause any inadvertent oral bacterial inoculation on the implant.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Will Participating In Sports Cause A Problem With My Chin Implant?

Wednesday, October 27th, 2010

Q:  I am considering getting involved in martial art training and was wondering if having a chin implant would pose a problem with that activity. I have a porex chin implant and I’m afraid it will shift if struck. Have you ever seen a porex implant shift from blunt trauma? Is there a difference in potential shifting between porex and silicone implants. Please let me know so I will know whether or not to proceed with martial arts training.

A: I would not personally refrain from martial arts training, or any other contact-related sports activity, if I had an indwelling chin implant. The risk is always there that a good blow to the chin could cause a problem such as shifting of the implant but that risk to me seems very low. There is an equal, if not greater risk, of breaking one’s nose or having a tooth knocked out. Such are the orofacial risks of any contact sport.

The potential advantage of a porex (medpor) chin implant over a silicone one in terms of shifting in the face of trauma is theoretical. Because the porex implant has greater tissue adherence and even some amount of tissue ingrowth, one would assume that it is more resistant to movement after surgery over a purely non-ingrown encapsulated silicone implant. But blunt trauma to the jaw with enough force can easily fracture the bone so the potential for implant movement, regardless of its composition, is always a low occurrence possibility.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Who Is A Good Candidate For Breast Augmentation By Fat Injections?

Wednesday, October 27th, 2010

Q: I am interested in the Fat Injection Breast Augmentation surgery but have a few questions. What are the preop requirements and do you have to have multiple operations?

A: Breast augmentation with fat injections is in the early stage of technique development. While the appeal is enormous for some patients, it is a concept which has not been shown to be consistent in results just yet and the long-term outcome on breast health and cancer surveillance is unknown. Breast augmentation with implants remains a proven technique. Whether fat injections will one day be a comparative procedure remains to be seen.

What is known about fat injections for breast augmentation is that one has to select the patient for it very carefully. Several criteria are important. First, one has to have enough fat to transfer into the breast. If one is very thin or skinny, they will not be a candidate due to lack of adequate donor tissue. Secondly, one’s desired breast size increase must be modest. At best, only a 1/2 cup or maybe more can be gained in size. Desiring a bigger change than that is beyond what fat injections can yet achieve. Lastly, one must be prepared to accept the likely possibility that more than one fat transfer may be needed. Injecting too much fat in a single session will not work. It is better to incrementally increase the fat breast volume to ensure the best survival and decrease the risk of fat necrosis. Therefore, patients must be willing to accept, and have enough donor tissue, to do a second fat injection session in most cases.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

How Can My Inverted Nipples From My Gynecomastia Surgery Be Fixed?

Wednesday, October 27th, 2010

Q:  Hi, I need your help. Three months ago I had a gynecomastia operation done and now I have a problem. The problem is that my nipples are folded in now and going inside. My skin is also very dry around nipples and my nipples have become cracked. This looks like a serious problem. How can I fix my nipples?

A:  Gynecomastia reduction procedures can be done two fundamental ways; liposuction or open excision (removal) of excess breast tissue. Sometimes the two techniques are done together to get the best result. With the open excision technique, breast tissue is removed through an incision on the underside of the nipple. (technically the areola) Removal of this breast tissue is largely an art form. How much to remove and how to shape what is left behind is more of matter of experience than an exact science.

One of the known complications of open gynecomastia removal is over-resection, removing too much breast tissue. This make look alright in the very beginning (or not) but as the swelling subsides and scarring sets in, the nipple gets pulled into the over-resected space where breast tissue once was. This is called nipple inversion or a retracted nipple. It most commonly appears underneath the nipple since this is closest to the incision but it can appear outside the diameter of the areola if the over-resection goes beyond just that area.

Correction of the inverted nipple after gynecomastia reduction requires replacement of the missing tissue to support the projection of the nipple. This is best done by a fat graft or a dermal-fat graft using the patient’s own tissues. This requires a donor site and a scar elsewhere on the body to do it.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

Will Botox Injections Help My Painful Clenching Problem?

Wednesday, October 27th, 2010

Q: I was wondering if I could get a Botox procedure done in my masseter muscles to help with my teeth clenching. I have tried mouth guards and it doesn’t solve the problem because I’m also clenching my teeth a lot when I am awake. Please send me any information you can regarding this issue.

A:  I have used Botox for masseter muscle injections for clenching and bruxism for the past five years. I have yet to see a patient who has not had some near immediate and significant improvement of their clenching afterwards. The duration of the pain relief will last as long as the Botox is effective, generally around four months or so. This makes perfect sense as the clenching is muscular in origin. While it can also involve the temporalis muscle, the large masseter muscles are certainly a major source of the  clenching problem. While the simultaneous use of oral splints still has a role, particularly to prevent excessive tooth wear, the direct injection of a true ‘anti-spasm’ agent into the muscle is undoubtably more effective and immediate. (results within a week or less)

I have found that the starting dose of Botox is 25 units per side. Both sides are only done if the patient feels that the pain is on both sides. Many patients will have only a one-sided or unilateral source of masseter pain and clenching. The injections are placed in the lower half of the masseter. If a line is drawn from the earlobe to the corner of the mouth, the injections are placed in the part of the masseter muscle that lies below that imaginary line. This is a simple office procedure that is both quick and fairly painless. Compared to cosmetic Botox injections in the forehead, masseter muscle injections are surprisingly more comfortable.  

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana

How Long Does It Take For The Swelling From A Cranioplasty To Go Away?

Tuesday, October 26th, 2010

Q: Dr. Eppley, I have a question about the cranioplasty operation. I had some frontal bone augmentation done two weeks ago with acrylic material. I had it done to get rid of some irregular areas that were quite prominent on my forehead. I had a craniosynostosis repair when I was one year old. I know that swelling is to be expected but I thought most of it would be gone by now. It appears asymmetric between the two sides of my forehead and doesn’t look quite even. Am I being too optimistic about the swelling?

A: It is normal that patients are generally quite overoptimistic as to how long it takes to see the final result of the cranioplasty procedure. While two weeks may seem like an eternity when you are the patient, six to eight weeks is the realistic time period to see about 90% of the final result…and 3 months after surgery before one can make a final critical analysis. That’s how long it takes for the scalp tissue swelling to go completely away and all areas to settle. The thicker the tissues are, the more swelling and the longer it takes for it to go away…and the scalp tissues are quite thick. 

Another interesting note is the concept of bilateral (two-sided) surgery. Even though the same thing is done to both sides, the swelling that occurs is never, or rarely, the same. So any asymmetry at this point I would still judge to be swelling differences and not yet proven to be some differences in the degree of forehead symmetry from the augmentation.

Dr. Barry Eppley

Indianapolis Indiana